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Le, Thuy Minh; Le Quang, Huong; Tran, Anh Hai; Quang, Minh Bui; Vu, Nam Duc; Thi, Huong Nguyen; Khanh, Hoa Vu; Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Tran, Tri Manh
Environmental research, 11/2023, Volume: 237Journal Article
Distribution patterns of 10 phthalic acid diesters (PAEs) and four cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) were investigated in fine particulate matter (PM0.1 and PM0.5) collected from Bac Ninh, an industrial province in Vietnam during September–October in 2021. Total concentrations of PAEs found in PM0.1 and PM0.5 were in the ranges of 1.76–372 (median: 34.0 ng/m3) and 2.23–895 ng/m3 (median: 15.4 ng/m3), respectively. Among PAEs, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was the most abundant compound found in PM0.1, whereas, di-2-(ethyl)hexyl phthalate (DEHP) was measured at the highest concentration in PM0.5. Total concentrations of cVMSs measured in PM0.1 and PM0.5 were in the ranges of method quantification limit (MQL)–203 (median: 2.10 ng/m3) and MQL–537 ng/m3 (median: 0.389 ng/m3), respectively. Among cVMSs, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) was found at the highest concentration in both PM0.1 and PM0.5 fractions of particulate matter. The concentration ratios between PAEs and cVMSs in PM0.1/PM0.5 were greater than 1 (except di-n-octyl phthalate: DnOP), suggesting that these chemicals tend to sorb to PM0.1 more preferentially than PM0.5. Among sampling locations, high concentrations of PAEs and cVMSs were found at traffic intersections (Que Vo district) and a craft village (Tu Son city). Relatively stronger correlations existed between cVMSs pairs in PM0.1 and PM0.5 (correlation coefficient: 0.73–1) than those of PAEs (−0.83–0.90). The human exposure doses to PAEs and cVMSs through inhalation of particulate matter were estimated based on the measured concentrations in PM0.1 and PM0.5 fractions. The estimated exposure doses of PAEs and cVMSs for infants (7.1 ng/kg-bw/d and 2.5 ng/kg-bw/d) were higher than those for adults (2.6 ng/kg-bw/d and 0.9 ng/kg-bw/d). Display omitted •CVMSs and PAEs preferentially distributed in PM0.1 relative to PM0.5•Dibutyl phthalate was detected in all PM0.1 and PM0.5 samples•Among cVMSs, D5 was found at the highest levels in both PM0.1 and PM0.5•Strong correlations existed between pairs of cVMSs in both PM0.1 and PM0.5
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