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Hađina, Suzana; Martinković, Krešimir; Stevanović, Vladimir; Perharić, Matko; Šmit, Iva; Habuš, Josipa; Štritof, Zrinka; Ćakić, Elena
Veterinarska stanica, 04/2022, Volume: 53, Issue: 6Journal Article, Paper
Tetanus je akutna zarazna bolest u pasa koja nastaje uslijed djelovanja neurotoksina bakterije C. tetani. Ulazna vrata su najčešće ubodne rane ili ozljede na koži. Inkubacija može trajati u vremenskom rasponu od tri dana do tri tjedna. Razlikujemo dva klinička oblika bolesti: lokalizirani i generalizirani. Kod lokaliziranog oblika vidljiva je ukočenost ekstremiteta na kojem se nalazi ozljeda ili rana. Tipični klinički znaci generalizirang oblika bolesti su grč muskulature lica, a tijekom progresije bolesti dolazi do generalizirane ukočenosti svih ekstremiteta, intermitentnih toničkih grčeva dišne muskulature te spastične paralize. Bolest je popraćena brojnim komplikacijama, a letalan ishod posljedica je respiratornog ili srčanog zastoja. Dijagnostika se temelji na detaljnoj anamnezi i tipičnoj kliničkoj slici. Liječenje tetanusa uključuje kiruršku obradu rane, neutralizaciju slobodnog neurotoksina antitoksinom, sprječavanje daljnjeg umnažanja bakterije C. tetani antimikrobnim pripravcima te potpornu terapiju. Sam proces liječenja je dugotrajan, a prognoza i ishod bolesti ne ovise samo o obliku i tijeku bolesti već i o njezinom pravovremenom prepoznavanju te adekvatnom liječenju. Uz sve navedeno potrebno je naglasiti da još uvijek ne postoji jedinstveni pristup liječenju ove bolesti u pasa. Imunoprofilaksa tetanusa u pasa se ne provodi. Tetanus is an acute, non-contagious infectious disease in dogs caused by the tetanus neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. The most common paths of entry are infected puncture wounds or skin injuries. The incubation period of the disease ranges from three days to three weeks. The clinical presentation of the disease is manifested in either the localised or generalised form. In the localised form of the disease, there is visible rigidity of the limb where the injury or wound is located. The generalised form is manifested through typical clinical symptoms that initially include facial muscle spasm, and as the disease progresses, there is generalized stiffness of all extremities, intermittent tonic spasms of the respiratory musculature, and spastic paralysis. The disease is accompanied by numerous complications, and a lethal outcome is the result of respiratory or cardiac arrest. Diagnosis is based on a detailed anamnesis and typical clinical signs. Treatment of tetanus includes surgical management of the wound, neutralisation of the free neurotoxin with an antitoxin, prevention of further multiplication of bacterium C. tetani by the administration of antimicrobial medications, and supportive therapy. The process itself is long-term and the prognosis and outcome of the disease depends not only on the form and course of the disease, but also on its timely recognition and adequate treatment. Furthermore, it is important to emphasise that there is still no unique approach to the treatment of this disease in dogs. Immunoprophylaxis of tetanus in dogs is not currently enforced.
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