Uobičajeni povijesni prikazi razvitka tzv. modernoga hrvatskog kaznenog zakonodavstva, neovisno o užoj tematici kojom se bave, započinju u pravilu raščlambom odredaba austrijskog Kaznenog zakona o zločinstvima, prijestupima i prekršajima iz 1852. te čuvenom Derenčinovom Osnovom iz 1879. Manje je poznato da su za vladavine Josipa II. Hrvatska i Slavonija zakratko imale kodificirano kazneno pravo u obliku Općeg zakona o zločinima i njihovom kažnjavanju iz 1787., koji je 1788. bio preveden na hrvatski jezik kao “Opchinska naredba od zlocsinstvah i njihovih pedepsah”. Cilj je rada prikaz i analiza sustava kazni i pravila o njihovom izricanju sadržanih u Opchinskoj naredbi od zlocsinstvah i njihovih pedepsah. U prvom dijelu rada sadržan je sažeti pregled sustava kazni koje su se primjenjivale u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji do 18. stoljeća, koji je bio relativno kompatibilan s tadašnjom kaznenopravnom praksom u zapadnom dijelu Habsburške monarhije. U drugom dijelu rada izlažu se osnovna obilježja kaznenog zakonika Josipa II., kao i vrste kazni te pravila o njihovom izricanju. U posljednjem dijelu rada razmatra se pitanje ustavnosti uvođenja kaznenog zakonika Josipa II. u Hrvatsku i Slavoniju te problemi koji su se pojavili pri njegovoj primjeni, a ponajprije su se odnosili na nepostojanje nužnih objektivnih pretpostavki za njegovu provedbu. Historical reviews of the development of the so-called modern Croatian criminal law usually start with elaboration of the Austrian Criminal Code on Crimes, Transgressions and Misdemeanours of 1852 and of the draft for a Croatian Criminal Code of 1879 (the so-called Derenčin draft) regardless of the narrower topic discussed. What is not widely known is that Croatia and Slavonia had for a short period during the reign of Joseph II codified criminal law in the form of the General Code on Crimes and their Punishment of 1787. This Code was translated into Croatian in 1788. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and to analyse the system of penalties and rules of their imposition contained in Croatian translation of the General Code on Crimes and their Punishment. The first part of paper contains a brief overview of the system of penalties that have been used in Croatia and Slavonia until the 18th century. This system of penalties was relatively compatible with the then criminal law practice in the western part of the Habsburg Monarchy. The second part of paper deals with basic characteristics of the Joseph IIʼs Criminal Code, types of penalties and rules of their imposition. The last part of the paper deals with the constitutionality of the introduction of the Joseph IIʼs Criminal Code in Croatia and Slavonia and problems that have arisen in its enforcement, primarily related to the lack of objective requirements necessary for its implementation.