The paper contains translation of Confucian classical text Xiao Jing into Polish with analysis of early meaning of xiao, usually translated into English as a “filial piety.” Loving and caring for one parents while they are alive and offer sacrifices after their death is the core meaning of xiao. A person who learnt to obey and care for parents is able to extend that feeling to others outside the family. That makes xiao the root of ren — an exemplary behaviour towards all people. Hence learning how to behave in xiao way is first stage of Confucian self-developement. Traditionally ascribed to Confucius’ student Zengzi, Xiao Jing provides short but important insight into one of Confucian core ethical concepts.