In recent years, the number of U.S. service members treated for psychological health (PH) conditions has increased substantially. In particular, at least two PH conditions, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), have prevalence estimates ranging from 4 to 20 percent for PTSD and 5 to 37 percent for MDD (Institute of Medicine IOM, 2013, p. 21; Ramchand, Schell, et al., 2010; Schell and Marshall, 2008). Delivering quality care to service members with these conditions is a high-priority goal for the military health system (MHS). Meeting this goal requires understanding the extent to which the care the MHS