Past research has documented adverse impacts of caregiving on caregivers in a wide array of life domains, including physical health, mental health, familial relationships and parenting, employment, and finances (NAC and AARP, 2009; NAC, 2010; Pinquart and Sörensen, 2003b). However, most of the available research on caregivers has been conducted on convenience samples of civilian caregivers. Little, if any, research has assessed the impacts of caregiving in a probability-based sample of military caregivers, leaving the true nature and extent of these impacts ambiguous. In this chapter, we address this gap, comparing post-9/11 caregivers, pre-9/11 caregivers, and civilian caregivers to non-caregivers