In the first year of practice, new graduates try to transfer the professional knowledge and skills they have acquired during their undergraduate education to clinical practice, to form their professional identity and to adapt to working life. However, this process is often not easy. The first year is the period in which newly graduated nurses begin to have a sense of job satisfaction, and professional commitment or leave their job/profession most frequently. Especially with the pandemic, the transition process, which is quite difficult and stressful even under normal conditions, has become even more complex. In Turkey, studies on newly graduated nurses and orientation programs are very limited. Nurse managers, educators, and nurses have different responsibilities in the management of the adaptation process of newly graduated nurses and to determine the needs of new graduates, increase their job satisfaction, and reduce stress. The first year is critical for the newly graduated nurse to decide to stay or leave the profession. This study aims to provide information about the professional adaptation process of newly graduated nurses and related theories and to examine the difficulties that newly graduated nurses face in the process of adaptation to the profession in light of the literature.