Defensins contribute to host defense by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of microorganisms. This report shows that human β-defensins are also chemotactic for immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. Human β-defensin was selectively chemotactic for cells stably transfected to express human CCR6, a chemokine receptor preferentially expressed by immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin-induced chemotaxis was sensitive to pertussis toxin and inhibited by antibodies to CCR6. The binding of iodinated LARC, the chemokine ligand for CCR6, to CCR6-transfected cells was competitively displaced by β-defensin. Thus, β-defensins may promote adaptive immune responses by recruiting dendritic and T cells to the site of microbial invasion through interaction with CCR6.