Global concerns about reducing or minimizing the costs associated with toxic waste materials have driven the continuing development of green-cell-based biosynthesis methods. Inspired by the hybridization phenomenon of living organisms, recent interest has arisen in nanocell hybrids that possess multiple new functions. They have potential to propel biosynthesis into a new generation of green chemistry. This review article discusses the development of applications for nanocell hybrids in the areas of sustainable energy, clean environment, and green catalysis. Continuing advances in these hybrids will require combining knowledge from the fields of biology, physics, chemistry, material science, and engineering. Nanocell hybrids can protect living cells by abiotic materials and possess multiple new and multiple functions such as photo, electrical, thermal, magnetic, and mechanical properties. They have helped to propel biosynthesis into a new generation of green chemistry.Cells and materials can be integrated through interface engineering and molecular recognition. These approaches have been used to tailor hybrids to desired synthetic purposes, including dynamic and reversible design, and have been applied to enhance the catalytic activity, stability, and selectivity of nanocell hybrids.A wide variety of biological and material components can be used to design nanocell hybrids for enhancing or expanding cell functions for green chemistry, such as energy production, environment remediation, and biocatalysis.