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Halilović, Velid; Ballian, Dalibor; Balić, Besim; Šarić, Mario; Knežević, Jelena; Musić, Jusuf
Šumarski list, 04/2020, Volume: 144, Issue: 3-4Journal Article, Paper
Mechanisation used in forest utilisation has an impact on the occurrence of damage in stand and on forest land. The research in this work had the objective of determining damage on fir trees and other tree species during felling and processing of trees and their skidding using the forest cable-skidder. The research wasconducted in mixed beech and fir forests in the area of FMA “Glamočko”, M.U. “Hrbinje-Kujača” . The following data were gathered on damaged trees: tree type, breast height diameter, economic importance of the tree, amount of damage, location of damage, cause of damage, types of damage. Damage was recorded on a total of 305 trees, 133 trees of silver fir ( Abies alba ), 130 trees of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), 33 trees of European spruce ( Picea abies ), 8 trees of rowan/mountain-ash ( Sorbusaucuparia ) and one tree of sycamore ( Acer pseudoplatanus ). The overall damage intensity was 18.7%, but together with the old damages, the overall number of ‘wounds’ is 496. According to this, when the old damage isalso considered, then the intensity of damage amounts to 30.6%. The largest amount of damage is in the diameter sub-class ranging from 10 to 14.99 cm. According to the cause of damage, the largest amount of damage occurred during the wood extraction phase (217 trees), while during the felling phase, 88 trees or 29% were damaged. Since the wood extraction phase is divided into the winching and skidding phases, the total number of damaged trees during the winching phase amounted to 157 or 52%, while during the skidding phase, the number of damaged trees was 60 or 19%. To reduce damage to the trees during following operations in forest utilisation, it is necessary to perform more frequent training of all employees working on forest utilisation, to increase controls in execution of operations during forest utilisation, modernise machines used during forest exploitation, and in quality manner open compartments with forest road infrastructure. Mehanizacija koja se koristi u iskorištavanju šuma utječe na pojavu oštećenja u sastojini i na šumskom tlu. Istraživanja u ovom radu su imala za cilj utvrđivanje oštećenja na stablima jele i drugih vrsta drvća pri sječi i izradi drvnih sortimenata te privlačenju šumskim zglobnim traktorom. Istraživanja su obavljena u mješovitim šumama bukve i jele sa smrekom na području ŠGP „Glamočko”, G.J. „Hrbinje-Kujača“ . Prikupljeni su sljedeći podaci o oštećenim stablima: vrsta drveća, prsni promjer stabla, privredna važnost stabla, broj oštećenja, mjesto oštećenja, uzrok oštećenja, vrsta oštećenja. Oštećenja su evidentirana kod ukupno 305 stabala, 133 stabala jele ( Abies alba ), 130 stabala bukve ( Fagus sylvatica ), 33 stabla smreke ( Picea abies ), osam stabala jarebike ( Sorbus aucuparia ) i jedno (1) stablo gorskog javora ( Acer pseudoplatanus ). Ukupan intenzitet oštećenja je iznosio 18,7%, a kad tome pridodamo i stara oštećenja, ukupan broj ozljeda iznosi 496. Prema tomu, kada se u obzir uzmu i stara oštećenja, tada intenzitet oštećenja iznosi 30,6%. Najveći broj oštećenja se nalazi u debljinskom stepenu od 10 do 14,99 cm. Prema uzroku oštećenja, najveći broj oštećenja je nastao prilikom faze privlačenja (217 stabala), dok je prilikom sječe oštećeno 88 ili 29% stabala. Kako je faza privlačenja podijeljena na fazu primicanja i privlačenja, ukupan broj oštećenih stabala tijekom faze primicanja iznosio je 157 ili 52%, dok je tijekom privlačenja broj oštećenih stabala iznosio 60 ili 19%. Da bi se prilikom sljedećih operacija iskorištavanja šuma smanjile štete na stablima, potrebna je češća edukacija svih djelatnika koji obavljaju poslove iskorištavanja šuma, potrebno je povećati kontrole obavljanja svih poslova prilikom iskorištavanja šuma, modernizirati strojeve koji se koriste prilikom eksploatacije šuma te na kvalitetan način otvoriti odjele šumskim komunikacijama.
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