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Álvarez Aldeán, Javier; Álvarez García, Franciso José; Garcés-Sánchez, María; Garrote Llanos, Elisa; Iofrío de Arce, Antonio; Navarro Gómez, Marisa Luisa; Pineda Solas, Valentín; Rivero Calle, Irene; Ruiz-Contreras, Jesús; Salamanca de la Cueva, Ignacio; Serrano Marchuet, Pepe
Anales de pediatría, June 2024, 2024-06-00, 2024-06-01, Volume: 100, Issue: 6Journal Article
La gripe es una amenaza constante que en ocasiones puede producir cuadros clínicos graves. Las mayores tasas de incidencia por grupos de edad ocurren en los menores de 15años, especialmente en los menores de 5años, en los que además las tasas de hospitalización son similares a las de las personas de 65años en adelante. Además, los niños son los principales vectores de transmisión de la enfermedad. En España están autorizadas cinco vacunas antigripales en la edad pediátrica: tres inactivadas tetravalentes procedentes de cultivos en huevos embrionados, una inactivada tetravalente procedente de cultivos celulares, y una atenuada tetravalente de administración intranasal, que para la temporada 2024-2025 pasará a ser trivalente, al no incluir el linaje BYamagata, como recomienda la OMS. El CAV-AEP recomienda la vacunación sistemática en: niños de 6 a 59meses, niños y adolescentes pertenecientes a grupos de riesgo, personas que puedan transmitir la gripe a los grupos que tienen riesgo de gripe complicada, y convivientes o entorno familiar de menores de 6meses. A partir de los 2años de edad se recomienda preferentemente la vacuna atenuada intranasal por su mayor aceptabilidad y por facilitar la mejora de las coberturas. El CAV-AEP considera también que la vacunación antigripal de niños y adolescentes de 5-18años sanos es una medida recomendable, por cuanto les proporciona protección individual y favorece la protección familiar y comunitaria. Es especialmente importante la vacunación antigripal de todos los profesionales sanitarios y la vacunación de las gestantes en cualquier momento del embarazo. The flu is a constant threat that can sometimes cause severe forms of disease. The highest incidence rates by age group occur in children under 15years of age, especially in those under 5years, in whom the rate of hospitalization is also similar to the population aged 65years and older. In addition, children are the main transmitters of the infection. In Spain, five influenza vaccines are authorized for the paediatric age group: three inactivated tetravalent vaccines harvested from fertilised eggs, one tetravalent inactivated vaccine obtained from cell cultures, and one attenuated tetravalent vaccine for intranasal administration, which will become trivalent in the 2024-2025 season by excluding the BYamagata lineage as recommended by the WHO. The CAV-AEP recommends systematic vaccination in children aged 6 to 59months, children and adolescents belonging to risk groups, people who can transmit the flu to groups at risk of complicated flu, and household contacts or close family of infants under 6months. From 2years of age, the intranasal attenuated vaccine is preferred due to its greater acceptability and thus contribution to greater vaccination coverage. The CAV-AEP also considers that vaccination against influenza of healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18years is advisable, as it provides individual protection and promotes protection at the family and community levels. It is especially important to vaccinate all health care professionals against influenza as well as pregnant women at any time during the pregnancy.
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