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Yang, Xiaolin; Xiong, Jinran; Du, Taisheng; Ju, Xiaotang; Gan, Yantai; Li, Sien; Xia, Longlong; Shen, Yanjun; Pacenka, Steven; Steenhuis, Tammo S; Siddique, Kadambot H M; Kang, Shaozhong; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus
Nature communications, 01/2024, Volume: 15, Issue: 1Journal Article
Global food production faces challenges in balancing the need for increased yields with environmental sustainability. This study presents a six-year field experiment in the North China Plain, demonstrating the benefits of diversifying traditional cereal monoculture (wheat-maize) with cash crops (sweet potato) and legumes (peanut and soybean). The diversified rotations increase equivalent yield by up to 38%, reduce N O emissions by 39%, and improve the system's greenhouse gas balance by 88%. Furthermore, including legumes in crop rotations stimulates soil microbial activities, increases soil organic carbon stocks by 8%, and enhances soil health (indexed with the selected soil physiochemical and biological properties) by 45%. The large-scale adoption of diversified cropping systems in the North China Plain could increase cereal production by 32% when wheat-maize follows alternative crops in rotation and farmer income by 20% while benefiting the environment. This study provides an example of sustainable food production practices, emphasizing the significance of crop diversification for long-term agricultural resilience and soil health.
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