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Kwiecinski, Jacek; Dey, Damini; Cadet, Sebastien; Lee, Sang-Eun; Otaki, Yuka; Huynh, Phi T.; Doris, Mhairi K.; Eisenberg, Evann; Yun, Mijin; Jansen, Maurits A.; Williams, Michelle C.; Tamarappoo, Balaji K.; Friedman, John D.; Dweck, Marc R.; Newby, David E.; Chang, Hyuk-Jae; Slomka, Piotr J.; Berman, Daniel S.
JACC. Cardiovascular imaging, October 2019, 2019-10-00, 20191001, Volume: 12, Issue: 10Journal Article
This study aimed to assess the association between increased lesion peri-coronary adipose tissue (PCAT) density and coronary 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) in stable patients with high-risk coronary plaques (HRPs) shown on coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). Coronary 18F-NaF uptake reflects the rate of calcification of coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Increased PCAT density is associated with vascular inflammation. Currently, the relationship between increased PCAT density and 18F-NaF uptake in stable patients with HRPs on coronary CTA has not been characterized. Patients who underwent coronary CTA were screened for HRP, which was defined by 3 concurrent plaque features: positive remodeling; low attenuation plaque (LAP) (<30 Hounsfield units HU) and spotty calcification; and obstructive coronary stenosis ≥50% (plaque volume >100 mm3). Patients with HRPs were recruited to undergo 18F-NaF PET/CT. In lesions with stenosis ≥25%, quantitative plaque analysis, mean PCAT density, maximal coronary motion−corrected 18F-NaF standard uptake values (SUVmax), and target-to-background ratios (TBR) were measured. Forty-one patients (age 65 ± 6 years; 68% men) were recruited. Fifty-one lesions in 23 patients (56%) showed increased coronary 18F-NaF activity. Lesions with 18F-NaF uptake had higher surrounding PCAT density than those without 18F-NaF uptake (−73 HU; interquartile range −79 to −68 HU vs. −86 HU; interquartile range −94 to −80 HU; p < 0.001). 18F-NaF TBR and SUVmax were correlated with PCAT density (r = 0.63 and r = 0.68, respectively; all p < 0.001). On adjusted multiple regression analysis, increased lesion PCAT density and LAP volume were associated with 18F-NaF TBR (β = 0.25; 95% confidence interval: 0.17 to 0.34; p < 0.001 for PCAT, and β = 0.07; 95% confidence interval: 0.03 to 0.11; p = 0.002 for LAP). In patients with HRP features on coronary CTA, increased density of PCAT was associated with focal 18F-NaF PET uptake. Simultaneous assessment of these imaging biomarkers by 18F-NaF PET and CTA might refine cardiovascular risk prediction in stable patients with HRP features. Display omitted
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