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Mądzik, Mateusz T; Asaad, Serwan; Youssry, Akram; Joecker, Benjamin; Rudinger, Kenneth M; Nielsen, Erik; Young, Kevin C; Proctor, Timothy J; Baczewski, Andrew D; Laucht, Arne; Schmitt, Vivien; Hudson, Fay E; Itoh, Kohei M; Jakob, Alexander M; Johnson, Brett C; Jamieson, David N; Dzurak, Andrew S; Ferrie, Christopher; Blume-Kohout, Robin; Morello, Andrea
Nature (London), 01/2022, Volume: 601, Issue: 7893Journal Article
Nuclear spins were among the first physical platforms to be considered for quantum information processing , because of their exceptional quantum coherence and atomic-scale footprint. However, their full potential for quantum computing has not yet been realized, owing to the lack of methods with which to link nuclear qubits within a scalable device combined with multi-qubit operations with sufficient fidelity to sustain fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we demonstrate universal quantum logic operations using a pair of ion-implanted P donor nuclei in a silicon nanoelectronic device. A nuclear two-qubit controlled-Z gate is obtained by imparting a geometric phase to a shared electron spin , and used to prepare entangled Bell states with fidelities up to 94.2(2.7)%. The quantum operations are precisely characterized using gate set tomography (GST) , yielding one-qubit average gate fidelities up to 99.95(2)%, two-qubit average gate fidelity of 99.37(11)% and two-qubit preparation/measurement fidelities of 98.95(4)%. These three metrics indicate that nuclear spins in silicon are approaching the performance demanded in fault-tolerant quantum processors . We then demonstrate entanglement between the two nuclei and the shared electron by producing a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger three-qubit state with 92.5(1.0)% fidelity. Because electron spin qubits in semiconductors can be further coupled to other electrons or physically shuttled across different locations , these results establish a viable route for scalable quantum information processing using donor nuclear and electron spins.
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