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Christensen, Jacob J.; Ulven, Stine M.; Thoresen, Magne; Westerman, Kenneth; Holven, Kirsten B.; Andersen, Lene F.
NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 10/2020, Volume: 30, Issue: 11Journal Article
Diet may alter gene expression in immune cells involved in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease susceptibility. However, we still lack a robust understanding of the association between diet and immune cell-related gene expression in humans. Therefore, we examined associations between dietary patterns (DPs) and gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a population of healthy, Norwegian adults (n = 130 women and 105 men). We used factor analysis to define a posteriori DPs from food frequency questionnaire-based dietary assessment data. In addition, we derived interpretable features from microarray-based gene expression data (13 967 transcripts) using two algorithms: CIBERSORT for estimation of cell subtype proportions, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for cluster discovery. Finally, we associated DPs with either CIBERSORT-predicted PBMC leukocyte distribution or WGCNA gene clusters using linear regression models. We detected three DPs that broadly reflected Western, Vegetarian, and Low carbohydrate diets. CIBERSORT-predicted percentage of monocytes associated negatively with the Vegetarian DP. For women, the Vegetarian DP associated with a large gene cluster consisting of 600 genes mainly involved in regulation of DNA transcription, whereas for men, the Western DP inversely associated with a smaller cluster of 36 genes mainly involved in regulation of metabolic and inflammatory processes. A subsequent protein–protein interaction network analysis suggested that genes within these clusters might physically interact in biological networks. Although the present findings are exploratory, our analysis pipeline serves as a useful framework for studying the association between diet and gene expression. •We associated dietary patterns (DPs) with interpretable gene expression features.•Vegetarian-type DP inversely associated with predicted level of monocytes.•In women, vegetarian-type DP associated with regulation of transcription.•In men, western-type DP associated with regulation of metabo-inflammation.
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