The F-box proteins were originally identified as the key component of SKP1-Cullin1-F-box E3 ligase complexes that control the stability of their specific downstream substrates essential for cell growth and survival. However, the involvement of these proteins in type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling during innate immunity has not been investigated. In this study we report that the F-box protein FBXO17 negatively regulates IFN-I signaling triggered by double-strand DNA, RNA, or viral infection. We found that FBXO17 specifically interacts with IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and decreases its dimerization and nuclear translocation. The decrease of IRF3 dimerization and nuclear translocation is due to the recruitment of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) mediated by FBXO17, resulting in IRF3 dephosphorylation. Interestingly, PP2A recruitment does not require the F-box domain but instead the F-box associated region of the protein; thus, the recruitment is independent of the canonical function of the SKP1-Cullin1-F-box family of E3 ligase. Together, our studies identify a previously unreported role of FBXO17 in regulating IFN-I signaling and further demonstrate a novel mechanism for IRF3 deactivation by F-box protein-mediated recruitment of PP2A.