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  • The Opposite Effects of Kyn...
    Mándi, Yvette; Endrész, Valéria; Mosolygó, Timea; Burián, Katalin; Lantos, Ildikó; Fülöp, Ferenc; Szatmári, István; Lőrinczi, Bálint; Balog, Attila; Vécsei, László

    Frontiers in immunology, 06/2019, Volume: 10
    Journal Article

    The investigation of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions of Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is now in focus. There is also substantial evidence that TSG-6 has an anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the effects of newly synthetized KYNA analogs on the TNF-α production in U-937 monocytic cells in correlation with the effects on the TSG-6 expression. TNF-α production was measured by ELISA, the TSG-6 expression was determined by RTqPCR method. As cytokine inducers and were used. KYNA and KYNA analogs attenuated TNF-α production and increased TSG-6 mRNA expression in U-937 cells stimulated by heat inactivated . In contrast, KYNA and some of the KYNA analogs increased the TNF-α production of infected U-937 cells; however, the newly synthetized analogs (SZR104, SZR 105, and SZR 109) exerted significant inhibitory effects on the TNF-α synthesis. The inhibitory and stimulatory effects correlated inversely with the TSG-6 expression. TSG-6 expression following activation with bacterial components could participate in the suppression of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, We suppose that the elevation of the TSG-6 expression by KYNA and especially by new KYNA analogs might be one of the mechanisms that are responsible for their suppressive effect on TNF-α production as a feedback mechanism. KYNA and KYNA analogs have an important role in influencing TSG-6 expression, and there is a possible benefit of targeting TSG-6 expression by kynurenines in inflammatory conditions following infections.