In the article, the author analyzes the Kurdish question and national minorities’ rights. The aim of the article “Territorial Autonomy and National Minorities’ Rights: the Kurdish Question” is to analyze national minorities’ legal problems and the effect of religion on their solution. Territorial autonomy as an element of the territorial structure of a state is traditionally regarded as part of the state’s jurisdiction regulated by the national constitution. The research is based on a set of scientific methods, historical and comparative-legal approaches being the key ones. The historical method, used in the study, allows us to trace the evolution of approaches to territorial autonomy standards. The comparative-legal method, in its turn, permits us to compare different law enforcement norms. The article looks at the current problems related to the Kurdish question and its resolution.