Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- The first major change within the TV system since the introduction of color is the digitalization of television terrestrial broadcast network. The digital switchover is one of the main challenges in video and audio technology developments and it is going to happen in the very near future throughout the world. Besides the severe technical requirements, this process is driven by significant financial investments, regarding to an enormous number of standard TV sets and widespread broadcast networks. Consequently, it is necessary, wherever is possible in distribution network, to ensure the compatibility with existing systems. On the contrary, digitization of high-resolution video and audio signals needs highly sophisticated algorithms with high compression and very efficient transmission technology. There are three international standards currently used world-wide for digital terrestrial broadcasting - Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) used in North America and South Korea, Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (DVB-T) used apart from Europe in Australia, India and some other Asian and African countries, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial (ISDB-T), used in Japan and South America. The focus of this dissertation is the performance analysis and efficiency estimation method applied to the technologies for fixed reception used in our region – Europe. The three main transmission systems for delivering TV service to end-users are satellite, cable and terrestrial networks. The digital terrestrial television (DTT) system is capable of distribution of television content even to the mobile devices. Data-casting services and high-definition (HD) television content is available via digital satellite and digital cable networks but, until now, terrestrial users have not received data and HD content because its transmission requires a higher channel capacity than that used for standard definition (SD) TV - Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (DVB-T) and Moving Picture Expert Group MPEG-2 coding and compression standard. The latest technologies, like compression standard MPEG-4 part 10 and the second generation of digital terrestrial broadcasting standard (DVB-T2), provide increased capacity and ruggedness in the terrestrial transmission networks. But besides technical benefits it is evident that the latest technologies bring also a higher system cost. The viability of digital broadcasting business case is directly influenced by this techno-economic issue. This dissertation introduces a multidisciplinary approach to the problem, and take into account the cost and revenue items when evaluate the implementation of new technology. Therefore, this dissertation develops a method of estimating the benefits of digital dividend gained by using new (DVB-T2 and MPEG-4 part 10) technologies compared to traditional digital technologies (DVB-T and MPEG-2). The infrastructure of digital terrestrial broadcasting system that uses the latest technologies is capable to introduce the broadband services to un-served or under-served regions and upgrade networks to very-high-speed access. The dissertation emphasise also the broader economic impact of the digital broadcasting technologies implementation. The broadband penetration in any country could be increased by using the digital dividend for new services. There is a clear relationship between broadband penetration and GDP per capita. Because of the nature of VHF/UHF broadcast system the broadband service could be offered to almost the whole population of the country (depends on the coverage rules). The access network is already in place; there is a need only for TV antenna on the rooftop. The results of the analysis for Serbia shows that the DVB-T/T2 service availability of over 90% of the population implicates the increase of GDP per capita for around 5%, if new service is provided using public-service broadcaster network. In this dissertation the aim of the digital broadcasting strategy is the maximization of the digital dividend benefits. The best results are achieved by using such elements as the efficient compression standard that decrease the bit rate for one TV program, the efficient transmission technology that increase the capacity within one UHF channel and the network architecture that insert the large number of local TV programs. After the detailed analysis and comparison of compression (MPEG-2 and MPEG-4) and specially transmission technologies (DVB-T and DVB-T2) the appropriate conclusions are derived. It is well known that for the same quality of video signal MPEG-4 compression can achieve with the half of the bit rate compared to MPEG-2 compression standard. More important and detailed analysis, the analysis of transmission system, showed that the second-generation digital terrestrial broadcast technology, DVB-T2, achieves higher efficiency in its use of terrestrial spectrum, compared to DVB-T. It is also concluded that the DVB-T2 is considerably more robust than previous DVB-T, due to several important new technological features explained in the dissertation. For instance, if the spectral efficiency of Ricean channel is compared by keeping the equal signal-to-noise ratio for both standards (Quasi Error Free - QEF quality), in realistic situations with DVB-T2 the bit rate is increased by around 70%. If the robustness of the Ricean channel is compared by keeping approximately the equal bit rate for both standards, QEF quality DVB-T2 standard can achieve with around 8 dB lower signal-to-noise ratio. The network architecture with the local TV program insertion is the third element for maximizing digital dividend. Three IP/MPLS based architecture models are proposed. The key parameters evaluation (local content offer, regional complexity, video transport capacity, digital dividend) of proposed models ended with conclusion that the model with local insertion of local content is the best solution. Modern principles of management in strategic planning lead this research to not only technology analysis but also economic and market aspects that in information and communication technologies play more often the key role in decision making process. After the research is done, one solution for the problem of the digital broadcasting technologies selection was developed. The solution for finding the most efficient technology uses mathematical model and incorporates technical and commercial parameters as well as market dependant aspects. By using this simulation model it is possible to comprehensively value the system and precisely evaluate the effects of digital dividend. The algorithm of techno-economic analysis consists of four phases: problem analysis, modeling, model evaluation and model refining. The goal of this research is accomplished by the development of the simulation model through mentioned four phases. The simulation model is developed in the form of mathematical equations. The algorithm of techno-economic analysis is executed by successive calculations of the equations. This dissertation analyses the technical parameters for deploying the latest broadcast technologies and proposes a model that evaluates the economic efficiency of the latest broadcast technologies that appear primarily in two combinations, MPEG-4/DVB-T and MPEG-4/DVB-T2. In the model the economic efficiency is calculated as the break-even point, the point in the time line where the profit is achieved. Before break-even point the revenue from services enabled by new technologies is lower than the cost of the system. This basic simulation model is simple and flexible. The basic model is applied to the Serbian broadcast market. If MPEG-4 and DVB-T2 standards are used, the results from simulation show that the broadcast network profitability could be achieved: in less than three years for one multiplex system or immediately for multiple-multiplex system. After the evaluation of the basic model the conclusion is that there are more realistic scenarios, primarily for the revenue sources. The model is improved and refined by comparing directly DVB-T2 and DVB-T (applying only MPEG-4 compression), applying the model to multiple multiplex scenario (not one multiplex scenario for which the basic model was originally developed), estimating PayTV service acceptance rate by Bass Diffusion Model (instead wholesale Internet access service as the revenue source) and evaluating the break-even point for the overall investment in DVB-T2 broadcasting infrastructure (not the cost difference between two combinations of technologies), based on the revenue from capacity gain due to DVB-T2 technology improvements. The application of Bass Diffusion Model to PayTV service within DVB-T2 system is very important component of this improved model. The improved model is applied to the Serbian broadcast market. The results from simulation show that if for the revenue we use only PayTV service, the DVB-T2 broadcast network profitability could be achieved in approximately three years if four multiplexes/RF channels are used, or even faster (two years) - depending on the market situation. With the further refinement of the improved model, if for the revenue we use PayTV service and the frequency spectrum auction (digital dividend spectrum sold for the purpose of broadband mobile services) at the same time, for more than four multiplexes the profitability is achieved immediately. The simulation model could be applied to any network operator with different technical, market and commercial values of the parameters, as well as with different parameters of Bass diffusion model and regulatory framework of spectrum auction for different countries.- Digitalizacija zemaljskog emitovanja televizijskih programa prva je velika promena u TV sistemima još od uvođenja kolor televizije. Prelazak sa analognog na digitalno emitovanje predstavlja jedan od najvećih izazova