Spondylolysis refers to a defect of the vertebral pars interarticularis. Percutaneous direct pars repair using a minimally invasive technique was performed in a group of young patients to maintain ...their spinal segment movement and to restore their normal anatomy. The aim of this study was to present the clinical, functional, and radiologic outcomes of pars defects that were repaired percutaneously via the minimally invasive technique.
This was a single-center, nonrandomized, prospective study of the demographic, clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of 18 patients (age range, 18–32 years). The visual analog scale for back pain and the Oswestry Disability Index were used to evaluate the functional outcomes. The Macnab criteria were applied to evaluate patient satisfaction after surgery.
All patients were admitted with bilateral pars fracture at the level of L4 (n = 4) or L5 (n = 14). The average duration of clinical follow-up was 16.04 months (range, 12–28 months). With reference to the Macnab criteria, 17 patients (94%) showed perfect or good outcomes. Fusion or bridging of bones was observed on computed tomography in 14 patients (77%) at the last radiological examination.
Minimally invasive surgery to treat symptomatic spondylolysis is a safe option that minimizes muscle and soft tissue dissection. In this study, good clinical and functional outcomes were achieved in young patients with low complications and high fusion rates using completely percutaneous treatment.
Falling from a tree is a common cause of injury in and around the Karabük province. Such injuries can impair the quality of life by causing permanent damage and can increase morbidity and mortality. ...This study aimed to reveal the patterns of spinal and cranial injuries in patients admitted to the hospital.
Patients who were admitted to the emergency department after falling from a tree in the Karabük province over a 2-year period and were diagnosed with injuries caused by falling from a tree were included. The parameters of age, sex, type of tree which the patient fell from, spinal and cranial fracture patterns and pain scores during follow-up were evaluated.
We studied 98 patients over a 2-year period. Of these, 5 (5.10%) patients were aged <18 and belonged to the pediatric group and 93 (94.89%) were adults. Moreover, 26 (26.53%) patients were female and 72 (73.46%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 54.4 ± 15.78 years. Spinal injury occurred in 35 (35.71%), cranial injury in 5 (5.10%), and simple injuries to the scalp and neck in 7 (7.14%), Further, 24 (24.48%) patients had musculoskeletal fractures, including orthopedic fractures, and 27 (27.55%) patients had chest injuries.
Falling from trees is a seasonal phenomenon. In addition to being a major cause of morbidity and mortality, it can impair the quality of life by causing disabilities as well as other damage. Occupational safety experts, public health experts, and clinicians and surgeons should work together to find a solution.
We show that most of the genus-zero subgroups of the braid group
B
3
(which are roughly the braid monodromy groups of the trigonal curves on the Hirzebruch surfaces) are irrelevant as far as the ...Alexander invariant is concerned: there is a very restricted class of “primitive” genus-zero subgroups such that these subgroups and their genus-zero intersections determine all the Alexander invariants. Then, we classify the primitive subgroups in a special subclass. This result implies the known classification of the dihedral covers of irreducible trigonal curves.
Forestry is one of the most dangerous occupations with record high rates of accidents and mortality relative to other occupations. In the past, related studies have been conducted within the scope of ...occupational safety, occupational health, and public health. Clinical studies on this subject are extremely rare and not within the scope of neurosurgery. We intended to facilitate the management of logging accidents for physicians by conducting a clinical study on logging accidents. This first-of-its-kind study also aimed to comprehend the injury mechanisms in order to contribute to the efforts made to prevent injuries and to facilitate the management of these cases.
The hospital records of patients who presented at the Karabük University EAH Emergency Department owing to logging accidents between 1/1/2019 and 5/1/2020 in the Karabük province were retrospectively analyzed. The information about patient profile, demographic information, mechanism of the logging injury, and the patterns of spinal and cranial injuries as well as other body area injuries (if any) were retrieved from the hospital records. The spinal and cranial injury patterns were analyzed from the imaging records (MRI or CT).
A total of 19 subjects were included in this analysis, of which 5 had cranial injury (26.3%), 2 had spinal injury (10.5%), 1 (5.2%) had both cranial and spinal injuries (this subject died in the intensive care unit at follow-up). A total of 9 (47%) subjects died. Three subjects were followed up for observation (15.7%), while 5 (26.3%) were referred to the department of orthopedics. The cranial and spinal injuries were accompanied by additional injuries such as rib fracture, hemothorax, fibula fracture, and pneumothorax. These injuries occurred in pathological conditions such as cardiac arrhythmia, facial paralysis, and epilepsy. One subject developed spinal cord damage (5.2%) that progressed to neurological shock and crash syndrome. Overall, 19 injuries occurred mainly due to 5 different mechanisms.
The patterns of resultant spinal and cranial injuries and the related demographic information would facilitate efficient patient management. Understanding the injury mechanisms would facilitate both the management and diagnosis of such cases and the prevention of logging accidents through combined efforts of occupational safety and public health specialists.
Several studies are currently exploring the anatomical origins of superior longitudinal fascicule (SLF) 2 and SLF-3, which are components of the frontoparietal network. This study aimed to achieve ...optimum visualization of the anatomical corridors of these fibers using Photoshop filters.
Four postmortem brain hemispheres were dissected in accordance with the method proposed by Klingler and Ludwig. Dissections were performed under a surgical microscope (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) at 4× and 40× magnification. All dissections were documented at each stage using a professional digital camera (Canon EOS 600D) with a macro 100 mm lens (Canon), ring-flash attachment (Canon), and professional tripod (Manfrotto 808 C4). We aimed to improve the visual quality of the images by avoiding monotone using various the features and filters in Photoshop.
SLF-2 originates from the angular gyrus (Brodmann area BA 39) in the right hemisphere and has been observed to project fibers from BA7 and BA19 and toward BA8, 9, 10, and 46. Further, these fibers traverse from the depths of BA40, 2, 3, 1, and 6 as they progress. SLF-2 also projects fibers from the supramarginal gyrus in the left hemisphere. SLF-3 lies between the supramarginal gyrus and the inferior frontal lobe in both the right and left hemispheres.
The visual descriptions of the dissections were enriched after using Photoshop to avoid monotony. Increasing the visual quality with Photoshop features enable us to gain a better understanding of these pathways. Additionally, it facilitates the comprehension of the symptoms associated with pathology. We hope these results will further aid in reducing the occurrence of postoperative complications.
Extraforaminal disc herniations are extraordinary herniations because they are located outside the foraminal bony borders and compress the root exiting at the corresponding level, whereas in median ...or paramedian herniations, the root 1 level below is compressed. Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PED) and microscopic extraforaminal discectomy (MEFD) are 2 popular contemporary techniques that have been performed extensively for these herniations since the 1970s.
In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 118 patients who underwent either PED (66 patients) or MEFD (52 patients). All the patients were clinically evaluated for neurologic examination findings, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) preoperatively and on the seventh postoperative day as well as 6 and 12 months after surgery. The complication rates and types of both techniques were discussed.
The preoperative VAS score and ODI were all comparable. Improvements in VAS scores 6 months postoperatively and improvements in ODI at all follow-up periods were statistically significant in favor of PED. However, there was great discrepancy regarding the postsurgical complications in favor of MEFD.
PED is more prone to complications because this technique is strictly dependent on the tubular system and the ideal anatomy of the Kambin triangle. Variations in or degeneration of the Kambin triangle can lead to devastating complications in the PED technique, but normal anatomic conditions are feasible in only approximately 20% of patients. The most important feature of this study was that both techniques were performed by the same experienced team, who developed their own concept.
PDF
