Despite many doubts and criticisms, the use and popularity of the term legal culture have been growing steadily since 1969, when Lawrence Friedman first coined it. Regardless of the difficulties in ...conceptualising and operationalising legal culture, it is widely used in research and theoretical work. This paper investigates how researchers are overcoming conceptual issues, as well as the similarities and differences in approaches to legal culture and their effects on the comprehensibility and coherence of the concept. Through a systematic literature review of scholarly papers published in two citation bibliographic databases – Web of Science and Scopus – that contain the term legal culture in the title, this paper identifies definitions of legal culture, theoretical assumptions, research methods and specific topics depicted within the field of legal culture. The analysis indicates heterogeneous approaches to legal culture, accompanied by inconsistency in understanding and applying the concept. The notion of legal culture is related to various topics but mainly used as an intervening variable; without empirical research, authors use the term as hypothetical and self-evident, assuming its impact on law and society. Besides, the analysis identified various forms of defining and explaining the legal culture and different methodologies, amongst which a descriptive approach prevails. Based on the insight into scholarly articles on legal culture, the review concludes with suggestions for improving future research and the explanatory power of legal culture.
Unatoč brojnim nedoumicama i kritikama, upotreba i popularnost pojma pravne kulture, od 1969. godine, kad ga je skovao Lawrence Friedman, neprestano rastu. Usprkos poteškoćama konceptualizacije i ...operacionalizacije, pravna kultura učestalo se koristi u teorijskim i empirijskim radovima. Ovaj rad istražuje kako znanstvenici prevladavaju konceptualne probleme, koje su sličnosti i razlike u pristupima pravnoj kulturi te kako one utječu na razumljivost i koherentnost koncepta. Sustavnim pregledom znanstvenih radova koji sadržavaju pojam pravne kulture u naslovu, a koji su objavljeni u dvjema citatnim bibliografskim bazama podataka – Web of Science i Scopus, rad razmatra definicije pravne kulture, teorijska polazišta, metodološke pristupe te specifične teme u području pravne kulture. Analiza je pokazala heterogenost pristupa pravnoj kulturi i neusklađenost u razumijevanju i primjeni koncepta. Pravna kultura povezuje se s različitim temama, no uglavnom kao intervenirajuća varijabla; bez empirijskih istraživanja, autori koriste pravnu kulturu kao hipotetski i samorazumljiv pojam, pretpostavljajući njezin utjecaj na pravo i društvo. Osim toga, analizom su utvrđeni različiti oblici definiranja, kao i različiti metodološki pristupi pravnoj kulturi, među kojima prevladava deskriptivni pristup. Temeljem analize znanstvenih članka o pravnoj kulturi pregled završava prijedlozima za poboljšanje budućih istraživanja i eksplanatorne snage pravne kulture.
This paper explores a connection between religion and politics in Croatia by analyzing the conservative civic initiative "In the Name of the Family" (U ime obitelji). It is a part of a broader ...religious-political movement, which emerged over the course of the last decade, that is connected to other international conservative organizations and initiatives. They advocate for a decrease of secular influence on the family, oppose sexual and reproductive rights, and insist on the primacy of religious freedoms. The political nature of the movement manifests itself through multiple attempts to scrap the legislation and practices of both state and private institutions that are contradicting the value system of the Christian (Catholic) majority. The religious-political nexus of the movement is confirmed by its continuous involvement in policy-making, here manifested through the use of direct democracy institutes.
This paper explores a connection between religion and politics in Croatia by analyzing the conservative civic initiative “In the Name of the Family” (U ime obitelji). It is a part of a broader ...religious-political movement, which emerged over the course of the last decade, that is connected to other international conservative organizations and initiatives. They advocate for a decrease of secular influence on the family, oppose sexual and reproductive rights, and insist on the primacy of religious freedoms. The political nature of the movement manifests itself through multiple attempts to scrap the legislation and practices of both state and private institutions that are contradicting the value system of the Christian (Catholic) majority. The religious-political nexus of the movement is confirmed by its continuous involvement in policy-making, here manifested through the use of direct democracy institutes.
There is plenty of research on media framing of marginalized and “othered” groups, including refugees and migrants. A lot has been said about the 2015– 2016 refugee crisis, but much less scholarly ...interest has been put on the 2018– 2019 re-emergence of refugees and migrants on outer borders of the EU and the ways member states have responded to the problem. This paper is focused on analysing similarities and differences in framing of refugees and migrants in the Croatian media in two distinct time periods: 2015–2016 and 2018. The paper is based on applying content analysis and descriptive statistics to articles from four daily newspapers in order to find out how the people coming to Croatia were presented in the media; what they were called, in which sense (positive, neutral, negative) they were presented to the public, and how the media presentation changed over time. The analysis has shown a certain degree of specific political, economic, and societal contexts mediated to, and in turn mediated by, the media’s framing of refugees/migrants. While the predominant frame remained neutral, as per norms of journalistic profession, the change in ideological stance of the government - from social democrats, who put humanitarian elements first, to conservatives, whose focus was security-based - coincided with the relative rise in the number of articles with a negative portrayal of the migrant issue.
Postoji mnoštvo istraživanja o medijskom uokvirivanju kako marginaliziranih grupa, tako i onih koje društvo označava “drugima”, uključujući izbjeglice i migrante. Mnogo toga je već rečeno o izbjegličkoj krizi 2015.-2016., no manje se analiza bavilo ponovnim dolaskom izbjeglica i migranata na vanjske granice Europske unije 2018.-2019. godine, kao i o odgovorima europskih država na taj događaj. Ovaj se rad fokusira na analiziranje sličnosti i razlika u uokvirivanju (framing) problematike izbjeglica i migranata u hrvatskim tiskanim medijima u dvama razdobljima: 2015-2016. i 2018. Rad koristi metode analize sadržaja i deskriptivne statistike te novinske članke iz četiriju dnevnih novina, kao jedinice analize. Cilj je bio saznati na koji način mediji predstavljaju osobe koje kao izbjeglice i migranti stižu u Hrvatsku, kojim ih se pojmovima nazivalo, na koji način (pozitivan, neutralan, negativan) je javnost mogla protumačiti narav teksta, te kako se to medijsko predstavljanje mijenjalo kroz vrijeme. Analiza je pokazala da su, do određene mjere, specifični politički, ekonomski i društveni konteksti utjecali na (i bili pod utjecajem) medijsko uokvirivanje pitanja izbjeglica/migranata. Dok je dominantan okvir u oba razdoblja bio neutralan, održavajući profesionalne norme novinarske profesije, promjena ideološkog temelja vlade – pobjedom konzervativaca koji su na migrantsko pitanje gledali kroz sigurnosnu prizmu nad socijaldemokratima, kojima je ključan fokus bio humanitarni – koincidirala je s relativnim porastom broja novinskih članaka koji su pitanju izbjeglica i migranata pristupali iz negativne perspektive.
Josip Broz – Tito is undeniably an unforgettable person. The article presents archival documents, which were created during the Second World War and after it and deal with his persona. The authors ...wish to emphasize documents, which were created by Tito’s contemporaries or his war and political opponents when they tried to find out whom they are dealing with. Western allies had shown interest in him when they were considering him as their potential ally. After the war, however, when his identity was revealed, he became interesting as a political leader, who had to be counted on.
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