Summary
The aim of this study was to develop functional edible films containing cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) powder extract using alginate, pectin and chitosan in combination with proteins (whey ...protein isolate, soya and hemp protein). The films were examined for their physico‐chemical (dry matter content, colour, thickness), mechanical (elongation at break (EAB)), bioactive (the content of total polyphenols (TPC), flavan‐3‐ols (F3olC), antioxidant capacity (AC)) and sensory properties. The plain alginate film exhibited the highest EAB (29.1%). The highest TPC and F3olC were determined in plain alginate (29 mg GAE/g and 2.75 mg (+)‐catechin/g) and pectin (29 mg GAE/g and 2.25 mg (+)‐catechin/g) films. The addition of proteins resulted in prolonged release of polyphenols and enhanced functional properties; however, the formation of protein–polyphenol complexes caused slight alterations in the bioactive composition of the films. The obtained results indicate a high potential of the developed films as functional, biodegradable form of active food packaging.
At optimised formulations of developed edible films obtained by combining cocoa powder extract, polysaccharide and protein isolate, the films exhibited prolonged release of bioactive compounds as well as desirable mechanical and sensory properties which accents their potential usability as alternative packaging.
Health-oriented preferences, a demand for innovative food concepts, and technological advances have greatly influenced changes in the food industry and led to remarkable development of the functional ...food market. Incorporating herbal extracts as a rich source of bioactive compounds (BC) could be an effective solution to meet the high demand of consumers in terms of expanding the high-quality range of functional foods. The aim of this study is the valorization of the bioactive potential of T. montanum L., an understudied Mediterranean plant species, and the in-depth elucidation of a polyphenolic profile with a UHPLC-HR MS/MS and NMR analysis. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) were determined on heat-assisted (HAE), microwave-assisted (MAE) and subcritical water (SWE) extracts. In terms of antioxidant capacity, SWE extracts showed the most notable potential (ABTS: 0.402–0.547 mmol eq Trolox gsup.−1 dw, DPPH: 0.336–0.427 mmol eq Trolox gsup.−1 dw). 12 phenolic compounds were identified in the samples of T. montanum from six microlocations in Croatia, including nine phenylethanoid glycosides (PGs) with total yields of 30.36–68.06 mg gsup.−1 dw and 25.88–58.88 mg gsup.−1 dw in HAE and MAE extracts, respectively. Echinacoside, teupolioside, stachysoside A, and poliumoside were the most abundant compounds HAE and MAE extracts, making T. montanum an emerging source of PGs.
In this study, spray drying was used as a technological solution for the valorization of Teucrium montanum extract into carboxymethyl cellulose-based delivery systems (CMC), individually or in ...combination with collagen, guar gum, gum arabic, and kappa-carrageenan. The results showed that the process yield and morphological properties were positively influenced by the introduction of CMC binary blends. The employment of CMC resulted in a high encapsulation efficiency (77–96%) for all phenylethanoid glycosides (PGs) analyzed. Due to the low wettability of the microparticles, a relatively gradual in vitro release of the PGs was achieved. Infusion of the filling with hydrophilic T. montanum extract encapsulated in microparticles with high hydrophobic surface area proved to be a practical route for significant confectionery fortification (5–9 mg PGs per dw serving), ensuring prolonged interaction between the food matrix used and the extract under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Based on sensory evaluation, the introduction of kudzu starch into the jelly matrix has shown a texture-modifying potential.
Chocolate is consumed largely worldwide and it is known as one of the most craved foods. The market of chocolate products is growing steadily and is expected to continue to grow in the coming years. ...The aim of the present study was to formulate chocolate pralines with enriched sensory and bioactive attributes by incorporating different types of honey (false indigo, buckwheat, rapeseed, mandarin and sage) and ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) extract as ingredients of the filler. The honey samples were subjected to physico-chemical analysis, sugar analysis using the HPLC-RID methodology, as well as to evaluation of antioxidant capacity. The bioactive and sensory properties and sugar composition of the formulated pralines were determined. Bioactive characterization included the determination of phenolic profile by HPLC-PAD methodology. Buckwheat honey showed the most pronounced antioxidant capacity with the value of 3.21 and 2.06 µmol Trolox/g dmb, determined by ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively, while the lowest values were measured for mandarin honey (0.41 and 0.32 µmol Trolox/g dmb). Specific bioactive compounds of cocoa: epicatechin, theobromine and caffeine, were detected in all formulated chocolate pralines, as well as the most predominant phenolic compounds of ground ivy: chlorogenic, caffeic, rosmarinic acid and rutin. Such enriched bioactive composition contributed to the pronounced antioxidant capacity of chocolate pralines. Finally, chocolate pralines prepared with mandarin honey were sensory evaluated as the sweetest and gained the highest scores for the overall acceptability.
Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) has been used for generations in folk
medicine to treat various diseases. Up until today, the information about its chemical and bioactive composition is still ...rather incomplete.
The aim of this study was to evaluate macro- and microcomposition of ground ivy including the polyphenolic profile. In the present study, different phenolic fractions (free soluble, esterified, glycosylated and
insoluble-bound phenolic fractions) of ground ivy were prepared and analysed using spectrophotometric methods (total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity) and HPLC-PAD methodology. Regarding the macrocomposition, the results revealed that most of the ground ivy dry matter was composed of insoluble dietary fibre (48.96% dmb) followed by proteins (17.92% dmb). Minerals also markedly contributed to the dry matter (12.74% dmb) with potassium as the main macroelement (48.49 mg/g dmb). Dominant phenolic compounds in ground ivy extract were: rosmarinic
(6.64 mg/g dmb) and chlorogenic acid (1.11 mg/g dmb), and flavonol rutin (1.87 mg/g dmb). Fractionation of phenolic compounds from ground ivy confirmed that dominant esters were indeed those of caffeic acid, while glycosides those of quercetin, which corresponded to the majority of identified compounds in the initial extract. Insoluble-bound phenolics were not represented in notable content. This study provided additional reference for macro- and microcomponent and phenolic composition of rather underutilized but valuable medicinal plant – ground ivy, to be used in further research of its health properties.
Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) has been used for generations in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Up until today, the information about its chemical and bioactive composition is still ...rather incomplete. The aim of this study was to evaluate macro- and microcomposition of ground ivy including the polyphenolic profile. In the present study, different phenolic fractions (free soluble, esterified, glycosylated and insoluble-bound phenolic fractions) of ground ivy were prepared and analysed using spectrophotometric methods (total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity) and HPLC-PAD methodology. Regarding the macrocomposition, the results revealed that most of the ground ivy dry matter was composed of insoluble dietary fibre (48.96% dmb) followed by proteins (17.92% dmb). Minerals also markedly contributed to the dry matter (12.74% dmb) with potassium as the main macroelement (48.49 mg/g dmb). Dominant phenolic compounds in ground ivy extract were: rosmarinic (6.64 mg/g dmb) and chlorogenic acid (1.11 mg/g dmb), and flavonol rutin (1.87 mg/g dmb). Fractionation ofphenolic compounds from ground ivy confirmed that dominant esters were indeed those of caffeic acid, while glycosides those of quercetin, which corresponded to the majority of identified compounds in the initial extract. Insoluble-bound phenolics were not represented in notable content. This study provided additional reference for macro- and microcomponent and phenolic composition of rather underutilized but valuable medicinal plant - ground ivy, to be used in further research of its health properties.
High voltage electrical discharge (HVED) plasma processing receives more
and more attention due to its potential to assure microbial safety and retain quality of treated products. The influence of ...combined thermal and high voltage electrical discharge plasma treatment on apple juice quality was investigated. Apple juice samples were treated under defined
plasma treatment parameters of time (3, 6 and 9 min), frequency (60, 90
and 120 Hz) and temperature (30, 40 and 50 oC) in hybrid plasma reactor. Prior to treatment, juice samples were inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 to investigate inactivation possibilities of plasma treatment on yeasts as common juice microorganisms. Quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, phenolic content and antioxidant activity) of treated and untreated apple juice were investigated and compared. Results have shown effectiveness of HVED plasma treatment in yeast inactivation up to 6.6 log10 in 9 min of treatment at 120 Hz and temperature of 40 oC. In treated samples there were no significant changes in phenolic content.
High voltage electrical discharge (HVED) plasma processing receives more and more attention due to its potential to assure microbial safety and retain quality of treated products. The influence of ...combined thermal and high voltage electrical discharge plasma treatment on apple juice quality was investigated. Apple juice samples were treated under defined plasma treatment parameters of time (3, 6 and 9 min), frequency (60, 90 and 120 Hz) and temperature (30, 40 and 50 °C) in hybrid plasma reactor. Prior to treatment, juice samples were inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 to investigate inactivation possibilities of plasma treatment on yeasts as common juice microorganisms. Quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, phenolic content and antioxidant activity) of treated and untreated apple juice were investigated and compared. Results have shown effectiveness of HVED plasma treatment in yeast inactivation up to 6.6 log10 in 9 min of treatment at 120 Hz and temperature of 40 °C. In treated samples there were no significant changes in phenolic content.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most basic and most consumed vegetables in human diet with a long tradition of use in food and medicine. It is grown and traded worldwide for culinary purpose ...because of its distinctive aroma and high nutritive value. Nowadays, onion production is increasing as well as the demand for processed onion, leading to the generation of a substantial amount of industrial waste. The waste biomass is mainly composed of outer scales, skin, roots, tops of the bulbs, and deteriorated bulbs. The use of onion waste as a potential source of functional food ingredients is one way of its valorization, highly in line with the current trends in the food industry to improve by waste reuse while responding to the increasing demand for functional food. Onion waste components exhibiting functional potential are: (i) flavonols – quercetin and quercetin glucosides, known for antioxidant activity;
(ii) fructooligosaccharides, well-established prebiotics; (iii) cell-wall polysaccharides, as a part of dietary fibre, or specifically pectin as a known food additive and/or a potential source of prebiotic oligomers; and (iv) organosulfuric compounds. The use of onion waste in food production is still in the research stage, but shows promising results in the incorporation of powdered onion waste concentrates and extracts into various food matrices to obtain innovative products with improved antioxidant and prebiotic quality.
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