This paper analyses impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Croatian tourism. The analysis is based on data on tourism arrivals, overnight stays and tourist beds in the period January – September in 2019 ...and 2020, as later data for 2020 was not available at the moment of writing. Generated from the online-registering system data was specially prepared by the Croatian Tourist Boards. Apart from an immense decline in all tourism parameters, which goes in line with global trends, the results of our research reveal changes that occurred in terms of seasonality, spatial distribution of tourism, average stay, organization of arrival, age, origin and type of accommodation used, according to the data available. The paper further discusses the global context of the pandemic situation and local and personal responses that have an important impact on re-directing and tracing eventually new tourism trajectories of the (post)pandemic time. Two principal groups of factors have been recognized as mostly affecting the processes, trends and possible future trajectories have been identified: on the one hand global movement and travel bans and restrictions, on the other hand personal responses reflected in motivation and behavioural changes. Changes that occurred in pandemic time are seen as catalysts for re-enforcement and raised interest in escapism and slow movements in tourism. Instead of seeking to ‘go back to business as usual’, the authors argue to reconsider the trajectories that emerged during the time of the pandemic and to envisage other approaches towards more sustainable tourism.
The primary function of national parks (NPs) is nature conservation, but for the majority of them, tourism also plays an important role. Tourism generates significant incomes, but the benefits are ...often unequally distributed in space, as are the disadvantages. The karst regions are generally less developed terrains in terms of traditional livelihoods, but due to their special morphology, tourism offers great opportunities. Nonetheless, mass tourism can also pose increased environmental risks. In this article, we examine the above questions on the example of Krka NP, especially from the perspective of tourists, as we conducted a questionnaire survey with visitors. The results confirmed that there is a high degree of spatial inequality both in the awareness of attractions and the distribution of tourist accommodation. This fact has already been recognised by the management of the NP, and serious steps have already been taken to reduce inequality, but their impact is not yet significant enough. Based on the survey, tourism in Krka NP is determined by same-day visits. Tourists who come here primarily consider waterfalls, lakes and rivers to be the most important values of the landscape, while cultural values are considered less significant and even less known. Local products are virtually unknown in the NP palette, so this could be a direction for development. Another point that could be developed is the awareness of visitors in the field of karstification. As the survey was conducted during COVID period, its impact on tourism was also briefly examined. This impact was manifested in the fact that the proportion of retirees and tourist buses was very small, whereas the majority of visitors (90%) arrived in the NP as independent travellers. For one third of foreigners, COVID played a role in choosing Croatia as a destination. As for domestic tourists, two thirds chose to find a destination in Croatia because of COVID.
Research results provide an insight into the profile, motivation and activities of visitors of mid-size cities in Central Europe, using Advent in Zagreb, Croatia, as a case study. It is based on a ...questionnaire survey conducted on a sample of visitors of the event. The event that spread tremendously from 3 to 30 locations in the period 2010-2019, attracts mainly younger visitors with higher educational background, mostly from Croatia, Europe and East Asia, with a complex motivation. Two main groups of visitors are distinguished based on their travel distance, length of stay and motivation.
U radu se analizira razvojni ciklus otoka Korčule od 1964. do 2012. prema Butlerovu (1980) modelu, u skladu s kriterijima Lundtorpa i Wanhila (2001). Turistički razvoj u promatranom razdoblju ...analiziran je u dva zasebna razvojna ciklusa, s obzirom na različite faktore, segmentaciju turističke ponude, oblike turizma i prostorne procese. Prvi razvojni ciklus temelji se na klasičnome turističkom proizvodu sunce i more, pri čemu se turizam širi na cijeli otok, a završava opadanjem uslijed slabljenja atraktivnosti i konkurentnosti klasičnoga turističkog proizvoda krajem osamdesetih, a zatim i zbog Domovinskog rata. Aktualni razvojni ciklus počinje poslijeratnom obnovom turizma, ponovno na temelju kupališnog turizma, no već sredinom prvoga desetljeća 21. stoljeća otok ponovno ulazi u fazu stagnacije. Zbog toga se sve veći napori ulažu u razvoj složene turističke ponude i oblika turizma s naglaskom na baštinu i aktivan odmor.
Paper presents experimental and numerical research on tank local overheating. By using an experimental model, phenomena of tank local overheating are investigated without need of expensive ...experiments on real transformer unit. This first step of research is made with reliable measurements of losses and temperatures in tank on a simple experimental setup. Using commercial numerical tools based on finite element method (FEM) for coupled electromagnetic-thermal calculation, temperatures on experimental model are calculated. Both electromagnetic and thermal model have nonlinear parameters that can have high influence on value of stray losses and cooling conditions. Calculated temperatures are compared to measurement results.
In the last part of the paper, measurements of tank temperatures with infrared camera on real three-phase power transformer are presented. 3D nonlinear numerical model of power transformer is created in FEM. Numerical model includes core, windings, LV leads and metal parts. Obtained temperatures are compared to calculation results by FEM and give good agreement.
Tradicionalni način života na malim otocima ugrožen je širom svijeta. Ovaj rad pruža uvid u
razvoj malog hrvatskog otoka Ilovika u Jadranskom moru zahvaćenog negativnim demografskim
trendovima koji ...utječu na društveno-gospodarske i okolišne procese, te predstavljaju
poseban izazov za planiranje i postizanje održivog razvoja otoka. Sredinom lipnja 2011. g.,
u razdoblju od dva tjedna, provedeno je istraživanje sa stalnim stanovništvom, povremenim
stanovništvom i vlasnicima vikendica (ili kuća za odmor) Ilovika koje je obuhvatilo njihov
društveno-gospodarski položaj, okoliš, percepciju turizma, utjecaj vlasti na društveno-gospodarske
promjene te utjecaj Europske unije na budući razvoj. U radu su analizirani rezultati
istraživanja i uspoređeni su sa službenim podacima iz prijašnjih popisa stanovništva i vitalne
statistike. Glavni cilj rada bio je istražiti sadašnji stupanj održivosti Ilovika i omogućiti razumijevanje
njegove slabije razvojne perspektive koja će ovisiti o demografskoj revitalizaciji i poboljšanju
mogućnosti zapošljavanja, uzimajući pritom u obzir osjetljiv ekosustav i jedinstvenu
kulturnu baštinu malog otoka.
U radu se istražuje uloga Nacionalnog parka „Mljet” i razvoja turizma na populacijske,
gospodarske i promjene okoliša cijelog otoka radi procjene njihova utjecaja na održivi razvoj. Na temelju ...analize statističkih podataka, terenskog istraživanja te intervjua s lokalnim stanovništvom i predstavnicima važnijih institucija odabrani su indikatori kojima su utvrđeni glavni procesi na Mljetu i ocijenjen stupanj populacijske i gospodarske održivosti te održivosti okoliša. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je NP „Mljet” potaknuo razvoj turizma i socioekonomsko prestrukturiranje stanovništva Mljeta te doveo do koncentracije gospodarskih djelatnosti na području Parka. Naglasak na turizmu, a posebno na ljetnome odmorišnom turizmu, imao je za posljedicu zanemarivanje ostalih gospodarskih djelatnosti i unatoč pozitivnom djelovanju na usporavanje depopulacije rezultirao je povećanjem razlika između depopulacijskih unutrašnjih naselja sa slabo razvijenim turizmom, izrazito progresivnih obalnih naselja s razvijenim turizmom, ugroženih degradacijom okoliša zbog prekomjerne izgradnje, te demografski stabilnijih naselja unutar NP-a „Mljet”izuzetno ovisnih o turizmu.
PDF
