Quality of recovery after anesthesia is an important indicator of patient postoperative outcomes. Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) is a validated and widely used multidimensional 40-item questionnaire ...that measures postoperative quality of recovery. The aim of this study was to perform translation and psychometric validation of the Croatian version of QoR-40, which included validity, reliability, responsiveness, and clinical acceptability. The QoR-40 and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires were administered to patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery on the day before surgery and on postoperative day 3. The quality of recovery was also assessed with visual analog scale (VAS) 0-100. Of 192 enrolled patients, 162 completed the study protocol. Convergent validity assessed by Pearson correlation (r) between the QoR-40 and VAS scores was 0.68 (p<0.001). There were moderate correlations of QoR-40 with SF-36 Physical component scale (r=0.521; p<0.001) and with SF-36 Mental component scale (r=0.580; p<0.001). Construct validity was supported by negative correlation with the length of hospital stay (r=-0.21; p=0.007) and significant difference in total postoperative QoR-40 scores between patients with and without postoperative complications (p<0.001). Internal consistency of the global QoR-40 was high (Cronbach’s α=0.93) and of the QoR-40 dimensions it was moderate to high (≥0.714). Split-half coefficient was 0.87, Cohen’s effect size was 0.81, and standardized response mean was 0.762. Our translated QoR-40 is a valid, reliable and comprehensive questionnaire for measuring quality of postoperative recovery across surgery spectrum in Croatian population with psychometric properties similar to the original version.
The objective of this clinical update, based on recently published literature, was to discuss incidence and characteristics of the most relevant clinical adverse effects associated with local ...anesthetic and steroid use in regional anesthesia and treatment of acute or chronic pain. A comprehensive review of the English-language medical literature search utilizing PubMed, Ovid Medline® and Google Scholar from 2015 to 2018 was performed. This narrative review provides anesthesia practitioners with updated evidences on complications and contraindications of local anesthetic and steroid use with emphasis on current points of view regarding prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of adverse events.
Summary Background Clinical outcomes after major surgery are poorly described at the national level. Evidence of heterogeneity between hospitals and health-care systems suggests potential to improve ...care for patients but this potential remains unconfirmed. The European Surgical Outcomes Study was an international study designed to assess outcomes after non-cardiac surgery in Europe. Methods We did this 7 day cohort study between April 4 and April 11, 2011. We collected data describing consecutive patients aged 16 years and older undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery in 498 hospitals across 28 European nations. Patients were followed up for a maximum of 60 days. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcome measures were duration of hospital stay and admission to critical care. We used χ2 and Fisher's exact tests to compare categorical variables and the t test or the Mann-Whitney U test to compare continuous variables. Significance was set at p<0·05. We constructed multilevel logistic regression models to adjust for the differences in mortality rates between countries. Findings We included 46 539 patients, of whom 1855 (4%) died before hospital discharge. 3599 (8%) patients were admitted to critical care after surgery with a median length of stay of 1·2 days (IQR 0·9–3·6). 1358 (73%) patients who died were not admitted to critical care at any stage after surgery. Crude mortality rates varied widely between countries (from 1·2% 95% CI 0·0–3·0 for Iceland to 21·5% 16·9–26·2 for Latvia). After adjustment for confounding variables, important differences remained between countries when compared with the UK, the country with the largest dataset (OR range from 0·44 95% CI 0·19–1·05; p=0·06 for Finland to 6·92 2·37–20·27; p=0·0004 for Poland). Interpretation The mortality rate for patients undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery was higher than anticipated. Variations in mortality between countries suggest the need for national and international strategies to improve care for this group of patients. Funding European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Society of Anaesthesiology.
To test for differences in hemodynamic and analgesic properties in patients with breast cancer undergoing quadrantectomy with paravertebral block (PVB) induced with a solution of either one or two ...local anesthetics.
A prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial was conducted from June 2014 until September 2015. A total of 85 women with breast cancer were assigned to receive PVB with either 0.5% levobupivacaine (n=42) or 0.5% levobupivacaine with 2% lidocaine (n=43). Hemodynamic variables of interest included intraoperative stroke volume variation (SVV), mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, episodes of hypotension, use of crystalloids, and use of inotropes. Analgesic variables of interest were time to block onset, duration of analgesia, and postoperative serial pain assessment using a visual analogue scale.
Although the use of 0.5% levobupivacaine with 2% lidocaine solution for PVB decreased the mean time-to-block onset (14 minutes; P<0.001), it also caused significantly higher SVV values over the 60 minutes of monitoring (mean difference: 4.33; P<0.001). Furthermore, the patients who received 0.5% levobupivacaine with 2% lidocaine experienced shorter mean duration of analgesia (105 minutes; P=0.006) and more episodes of hypotension (17.5%; P=0.048) and received more intraoperative crystalloids (mean volume: 550 mL; P<0.001).
The use of 0.5% levobupivacaine in comparison with 0.5% levobupivacaine with 2% lidocaine solution for PVB had a longer time-to-block onset, but it also reduced hemodynamic disturbances and prolonged the analgesic effect.
Ambulatory surgery often involves surgical procedures on the thorax, abdomen and limbs, which can be associated with substantial postoperative pain. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an ...analysis of the effectiveness of paravertebral block (PVB) alone or in combination with general anaesthesia, in this setting, with an emphasis on satisfactory postoperative analgesia in comparison to other modalities. We have conducted a search of current medical literature written in English through PubMed, Google Scholar and Ovid Medline®. Peer-reviewed professional articles, review articles, retrospective and prospective studies, case reports and case series were systematically searched for during the time period between November 2003 and February 2019. The literature used for the purpose of creating this review showed that utilisation of paravertebral block either alone or in combination with general anaesthesia, has a positive effect on satisfactory analgesia in ambulatory surgery. With a multimodal analgesic approach of PVB and other techniques of anaesthesia and analgesia there is a reduction in postoperative opioid consumption, fewer side effects, lower pain scores, decreased mortality, earlier mobilisation of patients and reduced hospital stay.
Cilj: Transuretralna resekcija predstojne žlijezde (prostate) (TURP) često se izvodi kao jednodnevni kirurški zahvat. Iako je procedura relativno sigurna, ipak su moguće teške perioperativne ...komplikacije. Sindrom
TURP-a rijetka je komplikacija, ali potencijalno opasna za život. Cilj su ovog rada trenutačni klinički pregled i analiza učestalosti, patofiziologije i kliničke prezentacije sindroma TURP-a temeljem najnovije objavljene medicinske literature. Metode: Pretraženi su medicinski podatci s pomoću bazâ PubMed, Ovid Medline® i Google Scholar za razdoblje od 1. siječnja 2017. do 1. siječnja 2020. godine. Rezultati: Više čimbenika ima ulogu u patofiziologiji sindroma TURP-a. Klinički simptomi variraju od blagih do teških, a ovise o brzini i količini intravaskularne apsorpcije
i vrsti otopine za ispiranje te o čimbenicima koji se odnose na bolesnika i operaciju. Akutno povećanje cirkulacijskog volumena može dovesti do plućnog edema i srčanog zastoja, dok promjene u koncentraciji otopljenih tvari u plazmi poput hiponatremije te hipotoničnosti i hipoosmolalnosti plazme mogu dovesti do poremećaja središnjega živčanog sustava (SŽS). Rane kliničke simptome teško je otkriti u anesteziranog bolesnika, ali rano prepoznavanje presudno je za pravodobni tretman. Liječenje treba biti u skladu s težinom kliničkih simptoma i znakova. Spinalna anestezija ima prednosti pred općom anestezijom jer su olakšani nadzor i rano prepoznavanje simptoma središnjega živčanog sustava kada je bolesnik pri svijesti. Zaključci: Ovaj narativni pregledni članak iznosi novije činjenice u vezi sa sindromom TURP-a, s naglaskom na sadašnja stajališta o prevenciji, ranoj dijagnozi i liječenju ove ijatrogene komplikacije. Bolje razumijevanje etiologije i preventivnih mjera, novije kirurške tehnike i intenzivni nadzor bolesnika pridonose daljnjem sniženju rizika od nastanka sindroma TURP-a.
Globalna pandemija COVID-19 ima snažan utjecaj na zdravstvene sustave svih zemalja svijeta. Zbog nedovoljnog broja znanstvenih istraživanja većina preporuka za anesteziološko postupanje za vrijeme ...pandemije bazira se prvenstveno na mišljenju stručnjaka. Za vrijeme pandemije potrebno je odložiti sve planirane operacije, a izvode se jedino hitne operacije koje imaju za cilj spriječiti trajnu invalidnost i smrtni ishod bolesnika te zahvati kod zloćudnih bolesti. Opća anestezija je povezana s postupcima koji stvaraju aerosol, stoga se prednost daje
regionalnoj anesteziji kad god je to moguće. Ovim radom obuhvaćene su preporuke za primjenu neuroaksijalne anestezije i perifernih živčanih blokova tijekom COVID-19 pandemije u Hrvatskoj, pri čemu su uvaženi trenutni stavovi europskog i američkog društva za regionalnu anesteziju i liječenje boli. Ove preporuke su usmjerene na pripremu i planiranje osoblja, potrebnih sredstava, lijekova i opreme, izbor odgovarajuće zaštitne opreme, prilagodbu kliničkog okruženja novonastalim uvjetima, odgovarajuću primjenu terapije kisikom, procjenu sigurnog izvođena postupaka regionalne anestezije i nadzor tijekom i poslije operacijskog zahvata. Primjena ovih praktičnih uputa od ključne je važnosti za sigurnost bolesnika te ujedno osigurava zaštitu zdravstvenih djelatnika od moguće zaraze.
Here we present two cases of gastrostomy insertion via laparotomy in patients with malignant esophageal disease. Patients were ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status III and IV. ...The patients presented as very high risk for general anesthesia, so we decided to use unilateral left sided paravertebral block (PVB) on four thoracic levels along with contralateral local infiltration at the gastrostomy insertion site. We present two cases, one of them a 57-year-old male ASA III patient scheduled for a gastrostomy procedure due to esophageal cancer with infiltration of the trachea. We also present a case of a 59-year-old male patient, ASA IV status, scheduled for the same procedure due to advanced esophageal cancer with a fistula between the left main bronchus and the esophagus and metastases in the left lung. The paravertebral space was identified with the use of an 8 Hertz (Hz) linear ultrasound probe and a nerve stimulator. Paravertebral block was successfully used for insertion of a gastrostomy, thereby enabling adequate anesthesia and perioperative analgesia without hemodynamic or respiratory complications.
Imunosni sustav uključuje specifičnu i nespecifičnu imunost. Promjene imunosnog odgovora u perioperativnom razdoblju posredovane su ozljedom tkiva, strahom, lijekovima, hipotermijom, boli, ...transfuzijom
krvi, hiperglikemijom, infekcijom i povećanim stresom. Anestezija može utjecati na stresni odgovor središnjom modulacijom (opća anestezija), aferentnom blokadom (regionalna anestezija) ili interakcijom s endokrinim sustavom. Također, izbor anestezioloških tehnika može imati mnogo šire značenje svojim utjecajem na karcinomske stanice i njihovo metastaziranje. Ciljevi ovoga preglednog članka bili su istražiti učinke regionalne anestezije u usporedbi s općom (intravenskom i inhalacijskom) anestezijom na promjenu kirurškog odgovora na stres, progresiju maligne bolesti i poslijeoperacijsko funkcioniranje organa. Dokazano je da primjena općih anestetika ima supresivni učinak na staničnu i humoralnu imunost djelujući na funkciju imunokompetentnih stanica te gensku ekspresiju upalnih medijatora i njihovu sekreciju. Opioidni analgetici ili njihov način primjene pokazuju drukčiji efekt na imunosni sustav: imunosupresivni, imunostimulacijski ili oba. Nasuprot tomu, primjena lokalnih anestetika djelotvorna je u liječenju akutne i kronične upale jer ti anestetici inaktiviraju upalne procese na različitim
razinama djelujući na monocitno-makrofagni sustav, smanjuju proupalne funkcije poput stvaranja kisikovih metabolita, oslobađanja histamina, interleukina (IL-1α) i leukotrijena. Da bi se izbjegla ova imunosna reakcija, preporučuje se primjena regionalne analgezije koja je nadmoćna naspram drugim analgetskim metodama te reducira količinu poslijeoperacijskog krvarenja. Upravo zbog tih važnih prednosti danas je regionalna analgezija u širokoj primjeni kod kirurških zahvata na onkološkim bolesnicima.
Farmakološko liječenje ostaje glavni terapijski pristup pri liječenju karcinomske boli, a mogu se integrirati i druge strategije tijekom trajanja i liječenja bolesti. Kontrola boli može se postići s ...pomoću tehnika regionalne anestezije upotrebom trajno implantiranih katetera koji omogućuju prekidanje nociceptivnih putova odgovornih za transmisiju signala boli u središnji živčani sustav. Postavljanje katetera za primjenu analgetika na različitim mjestima u bolesnika s intraktabilnom neuropatskom karcinomskom boli omogućuje odgovarajuću analgeziju i treba biti predloženo prije eventualne primjene destruktivnih tehnika. Cilj je rada prikaz liječenja karcinomske boli s pomoću regionalnih invazivnih tehnika.
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