Abstract
Nano-silica particles have been successfully synthesized from Iraqi western region sand (Al-anbar sand) by SOL-GEL method, the raw materials for this work were sodium hydroxide, concentrated ...sulfuric acid, de-ionized water in addition to the Iraqi sand. In this method; solid sodium silicate is dissolved in deionized water and then precipitated by adding concentrated sulfuric acid. The selection of the used Iraqi sand based on XRF analysis, then the produced Sample was studied using XRD, BET surface area, AFM, FT-IR, and SEM analysis, BET Surface area and average particle size were (438,215 m2/g) and (6 nm) respectively.
e12579
Background: In United States, breast cancer accounts for over 260,000 cases each year and is responsible for over 40,000 deaths. Survival primarily depends on the stage at time of diagnosis. ...5-year survival among early breast cancer is more than 50%. It is known that patients with cancer undergoing treatment have a significant risk of developing a second primary malignancy (SPM); we aimed to focus our study at the incidence of various SPM among patients surviving stage I and II breast cancer, which can help in their targeted surveillance. Methods: We utilized Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute to select adult patients (18 and above) diagnosed with stage I and II breast cancer as their first malignancy between January 2000 and December 2015. This is one of the largest cancer registries worldwide. SPM is metachronous cancer which develops six months after an index localized breast cancer diagnosis based on Warren and Gates criteria. Multiple primary standardized incidence ratios (MP-SIR) and absolute excess risk (AER) for an occurrence of SPM were obtained utilizing SEER. SIR is observed to expected incidence ratio (O/E) of SPM and AER, it is an actual number of excess SPMs in patients with early breast cancer per 10,000 person-years at risk. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: We localized 513,408 patients with a diagnosis of stage I and II breast cancer from 2000 - 2015. Patients were followed for a median duration of 8.92 years (range 0.5 to 15.92). Of these patients, 81.5% were white. About 8.6% (43938) of patients developed 47708 primary malignancies. These malignancies were significantly higher than the general population with O/E ratio of 1.15 and AER of 17.12. The median age of diagnosis of SPM was 69.8 years (range 22.8 – 105.08 years). The average latency to develop SPM was 5.28 years (range 0.5 – 15.92 years). Among solid tumors, a statistically significant increased risk was observed with salivary gland, tongue, gastric, colon, lung cancer, and genitourinary cancers. Among hematological malignancies, statistically significant risk was seen for ALL, AML and CML. The risk of hepatobiliary, CNS cancers and lymphoma were significantly lower among our cohort included in current study. The SPM was found significantly increased after the latency of 24 months, and the risk of SPM was greater across all age groups. Conclusions: Due to robust breast cancer screening strategies, a significantly higher proportion of the patients are diagnosed early in the course of the disease which tends to be curative and this group of patients has better survival rates. Our study recognizes that the risk of certain SPM is higher in stage I and II breast cancer survivals compared to general population; and they would benefit from guidelines that can identify cancer with increased risk in these patients population.
Background
Previous series have demonstrated CNS activity for immune checkpoint inhibitors, yet no prior data exists regarding whether this activity can improve outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery.
...Methods
In this single institution retrospective series, the clinical outcomes of 80 consecutive lung cancer patients treated with concurrent immune checkpoint inhibitors and stereotactic radiosurgery were compared to 235 in the historical control cohort in which patients were treated prior to immune checkpoint inhibition being standard upfront therapy. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. Cumulative incidence of local progression was estimated using a competing risk model.
Results
Median overall survival time was improved in patients receiving upfront immunotherapy compared to the historical control group (40 months vs 8 months, p < 0.001). Factors affected overall survival include concurrent immunotherapy (HR 0.23, p < 0.0001) and KPS (HR 0.97, p = 0.0001). Cumulative incidence of local failure in the historical control group was 10% at 1 year, compared to 1.1% at 1 year in the concurrent immunotherapy group (p = 0.025). Factors affected local control included use of concurrent immunotherapy (HR 0.09, p = 0.012), and lowest margin dose delivered to a metastasis (HR 0.8, p = 0.0018).
Conclusion
Local control and overall survival were both improved in patients receiving concurrent immune checkpoint inhibitors with radiosurgery compared to historical controls. While these data remain to be validated, they suggest that brain metastasis patients may benefit from concurrent use of immunotherapy with SRS.
Different types of therapy are currently being used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depending on the stage of tumor and the presence of potentially druggable mutations. However, few ...biomarkers are available to guide clinicians in selecting the most effective therapy for all patients with various genetic backgrounds. To examine whether patients' mutation profiles are associated with the response to a specific treatment, we collected comprehensive clinical characteristics and sequencing data from 524 patients with stage III and IV NSCLC treated at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist. Overall survival based Cox-proportional hazard regression models were applied to identify mutations that were "beneficial" (HR < 1) or "detrimental" (HR > 1) for patients treated with chemotherapy (chemo), immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and chemo+ICI combination therapy (Chemo+ICI) followed by the generation of mutation composite scores (MCS) for each treatment. We also found that MCS is highly treatment specific that MCS derived from one treatment group failed to predict the response in others. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses showed a superior predictive power of MCS compared to TMB and PD-L1 status for immune therapy-treated patients. Mutation interaction analysis also identified novel co-occurring and mutually exclusive mutations in each treatment group. Our work highlights how patients' sequencing data facilitates the clinical selection of optimized treatment strategies.
LESLIE MARMON SILKO’S CEREMONY Fattah, Mushtaq Abdulhaleem Mohammed
International Journal of Language and Literary Studies,
12/2022, Letnik:
4, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Leslie Marmon Silko is one of the most prodigious Native American writers of the 1970s. She is distinguished for her engagement with folklore traditions, religious inspirations, and quest narratives. ...In her novel, Ceremony (1977), Silko introduces a man on a journey that is full of hardships and frustrations. Accordingly, the present paper explores Tayo’s journey through which he quests for healing his psychological distress and physical illness caused by the atrocities of World War II. The paper also investigates different kinds of journeys the protagonist, as a war veteran, takes up and the various motives behind them. Finally, the paper tries to answer questions such as “What is the significance of the people the protagonist meets during his healing quest? Is he healed physically and psychologically at the end of the novel? How? Why? How do all the processes of healing contribute to affirming his identity and restoring his humanity?”
Hydroisomerization of Iraqi light naphtha was studied on prepared Ni-Pt/H-mordenite catalyst at a temperature range of 220-300°C, hydrogen to hydrocarbon molar ratio of 3.7, liquid hourly space ...velocity (LHSV) 1 hr-1 and at atmospheric pressure.
The result shows that the hydrisomerization of light naphtha increases with the increase in reaction temperature at constant LHSV. However, above 270 0C the isomers formation decreases and the reaction is shifted towards the hydrocracking reaction, a higher octane number of naphtha was formed at 270 °C.
Constitutional review usually focuses on the positive actions of lawmakers in relation to enacted legislation. However, can constitutional violations arise out of the negative actions of the ...lawmakers? This situation may be called "legislative omission" which happens when the lawmakers breach their duty to enact laws required by the constitution. If the negative actions of lawmakers can cause constitutional violations, how can this kind of violations be reviewed? The constitutional judiciary may adopt this mission in some countries as a kind of constitutional review, and some other countries regulate specifically the method of practising this monitoring. However, recognising and monitoring this kind of constitutional violation is still relatively new and even identifying this problem is still not clear enough. Thus, this thesis is an attempt to clarify this legal phenomenon deeply by studying several issues related to its definition, types, and identifying the reasons which cause it, on one side. Then it is an attempt to examine the role of the constitutional judiciary to remedy this problem, the kinds of decisions which may be issued by judges in this context and how can this kind of monitoring be justified, on another side.
Abstract
Background
Candidemia is the fourth leading hospital-acquired bloodstream infection. Blood cultures sensitivity is 50%. The T2 Candida Panel provide rapid (3–5 hours) species-specific ...detection of Candida species including C albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. glabrata.
Methods
Prospective, observational analysis included 345 patients who met specified criteria. The T2Candida Panel was restricted to Infectious Disease and Oncology physicians’ use for specific patient populations, including with: febrile neutropenia; ICU stay for >72 hours, central venous catheter, recent antibiotics, acute pancreatitis, recent major surgery, TPN, renal failure/hepatic failure, corticosteroids and unexplained fever. Antifungal use, patient characteristics, risk factors, T2 Candida Panel results, corresponding blood cultures, time to de-escalation, and duration of therapy (DOT) were collected.
Results
Patients mean age 60 years, 54% were male. Candidemia risk factors included: 28% immunocompromised (cancer, chemotherapy, chronic steroids, febrile neutropenia), 26% renal failure, 19% malnutrition/TPN, 14% CVC/PICC line and 11% intra-abdominal infection/surgery. 78% of the patients were in the ICU. 9% of T2 tests were positive. The resulting species were as follows: C. albicans/tropicalis, 47 % C. parapsilosis 41% and 12% C glabrata/Krusei. Of the patients with a positive T2 result only 24% had a positive corresponding blood culture while those with positive blood culture results 94.9% were T2 positive. Negative T2 tests resulted in discontinuation of antifungal therapy in 23% and avoid antifungal therapy initiation in 41% of patients but 36% of patient’s antifungal regimens were not discontinued despite a negative T2 result. Average time to de-escalation was 40.8 hours. Negative T2 results decreased average duration of therapy of micafungin by 2.1 days.
Conclusion
T2 Candida Panel demonstrated greater sensitivity and faster to detect Candidemia compared with blood cultures. Despite the test’s rapid nature and high sensitivity, time to de-escalation remains at 2 days suggesting variations in physicians’ utilization of T2 test results.
Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
Abstract
Background: In 2022, 230,000 new lung cancer cases will be diagnosed in the United States. The treatment regimen for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has drastically changed owing to the ...superior anti-cancer effects of immunotherapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chemo-immunotherapy (chemo-ICI) are the first-line treatments for NSCLC. Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells are potential biomarkers in predicting a patient’s survival and response to ICI. However, emerging data have shown that TMB and PD-L1 may no longer be an adequate biomarkers in predicting a patient’s response to ICI or chemo-ICI. We hypothesize that by using tumor-sequencing data and taking into effect a patient’s smoking status, we can identify biomarkers that predict survival to either ICI or chemo-ICI.
Methods: To identify biomarkers, we collected genomic sequencing data and comprehensive clinical characteristics on 424 NSCLC patients who received ICI or chemo-ICI treatment at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist. Cox-proportional hazard regression models were fit to identify mutations that were “beneficial” (HR < 1) or “detrimental” (HR > 1) for patients on different treatment regimens, followed by the generation of mutation composite scores (MCS) for each treatment. Co-occurrence analysis was performed to identify novel co-occurring and mutually exclusive mutations in each treatment and smoking group by mutation interaction analysis.
Results: We identify beneficial and harmful mutations in patients that received ICI or chemo-ICI treatment. We also identified unique biomarkers based on smoking statues. We then created an MCS for each smoking statues group and treatment type to assist personalize treatment.
Future directions: We will validate these results in other institute cohorts and add other clinical characteristics to personalize treatment based on MCS for an individual patient.
Citation Format: Margaret Rose Smith, Yuezhu Wang, Ralph D’Agostino, Yin Lin, Jimmy Ruiz, Thomas Lycan, Umit Topaloglu, Mohammed Abdulhaleem, Michael Chan, Fei Xing. Prioritizing mutations associated with smoking as a variable in lung cancer precision medicine with immunotherapies abstract. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 952.
PDF
