•The first study to evaluate the polymorphism of the Prion protein gene in Nigerian goats.•Twenty-nine (29) SNPs of which 14 non-synonymous were identified.•Twenty-three (23) were novel among the ...SNPs identified when compared with previous studies.
Scrapie is a fatal prion protein disease stiffly associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of the prion protein gene (PRNP). The prevalence of this deadly disease has been reported in small ruminants, including goats. The Nigerian goats are hardy, trypano-tolerant, and contribute to the protein intake of the increasing population. Although scrapie has been reported in Nigerian goats, there is no study on the polymorphism of the PRNP gene. Herein, we evaluated the genetic and allele distributions of PRNP polymorphism in 132 Nigerian goats and compared them with publicly available studies on scrapie-affected goats. We utilized Polyphen-2, PROVEAN and AMYCO programs to examine structural variations produced by the non-synonymous SNPs. Our study revealed 29 SNPs in Nigerian goats, of which 14 were non-synonymous, and 23 were novel. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in the allele frequencies of PRNP codons 139, 146, 154 and 193 in Nigerian goats compared with scrapie-affected goats, except for Northern Italian goats at codon 154. Based on the prediction by Polyphen-2, R139S and N146S were ‘benign’, R154H was ‘probably damaging’, and T193I was ‘possibly damaging’. In contrast, PROVEAN predicted ‘neutral’ for all non-synonymous SNPs, while AMYCO showed a similar amyloid propensity of PRNP for resistant haplotype and two haplotypes of Nigerian goats. Our study is the first to investigate the polymorphism of scrapie-related genes in Nigerian goats.
The efficacy of Capsicum annum fruits and Allium sativum cloves methanolic crude extracts were evaluated on field for the control of Aphis craccivora attacking cowpea plants. Two cowpea genotypes ...(IAR-48 and IT97K-499-35) were planted separately in a randomized block design, for a cowpea genotype an experimental plots measured 5m x 3m with 1.5m space between plots was demarcated. The plot contained four subplots each measured 1.67m x 3m and replicated three times, given the total of twelve subplots. Within a subplot are three pairs of ridges (70cm apart) tallied with the three different concentrations (200, 600 and 1000ppm) for the plant extracts treatments application. Plant extract treatments along side with synthetic chemical insecticide (Magic force) as positive control were applied to the subplots using Knapsack sprayer 15 days after sowing. The results showed that the population scores of A. craccivora after treatments application on susceptible genotype IAR-48 was reduced significantly (p <0.05) when compared with untreated control subplot. The least population scores of this insect on genotype IAR-48 was recorded in plants treated with A. sativum at 600ppm concentration level which was effective over positive control (synthetic chemical). The genotype IT97K-499-35 recorded no population aphid in plants treated with A. sativum at 200ppm concentration level which is also effective over the positive control. There is critical need to enhance the use of plant extracts scientifically on field as part of Integrated Pests Management for safe food production.
Blistering erysipelas in a black patient Umar, Hayatu; Akintomide, Femi; Abdullahi, Aliyu ...
Sahel medical journal,
07/2020, Letnik:
23, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Blistering erysipelas bullosa constitutes a rare and severe variant of erysipelas, which is rarely reported in the medical literature. It is an acute inflammation of the epidermis and superficial ...lymphatics. The diagnosis is usually clinical. We report the case of blistering erysipelas of the lower limb complicated by sepsis in a young immunocompetent obese female. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case being reported from sub-Saharan Africa. We recommend a high index of suspicion of this rare disease in a patient with suspected skin lesions and predisposing factors.
Background Coronary artery disease was hitherto a rarity in Africa. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) accounts for coronary artery disease-related morbidity and mortality. Reports on ACS in Africa are ...few. Methods and Results We enrolled 1072 indigenous Nigerian people 59.2±12.4 years old (men, 66.8%) with ACS in an observational multicentered national registry (2013-2018). Outcome measures included incidence, intervention times, reperfusion rates, and 1-year mortality. The incidence of ACS was 59.1 people per 100 000 hospitalized adults per year, and comprised ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (48.7%), non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (24.5%), and unstable angina (26.8%). ACS frequency peaked 10 years earlier in men than women. Patients were predominantly from urban settings (87.3%). Median time from onset of symptoms to first medical contact (patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction) was 6 hours (interquartile range, 20.1 hours), and only 11.9% presented within a 12-hour time window. Traditional risk factors of coronary artery disease were observed. The coronary angiography rate was 42.4%. Reperfusion therapies included thrombolysis (17.1%), percutaneous coronary intervention (28.6%), and coronary artery bypass graft (11.2%). Guideline-based pharmacotherapy was adequate. Major adverse cardiac events were 30.8%, and in-hospital mortality was 8.1%. Mortality rates at 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year were 8.7%, 9.9%, 10.9%, and 13.3%, respectively. Predictors of mortality included resuscitated cardiac arrest (odds ratio OR, 50.0; 95% CI, 0.010-0.081), nonreperfusion (OR, 34.5; 95% CI, 0.004-0.221), pulmonary edema (OR, 11.1; 95% CI, 0.020-0.363), left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 0.091-0.570), and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.302-3.367). Conclusions ACS burden is rising in Nigeria, and patients are relatively young and from an urban setting. The system of care is evolving and is characterized by lack of capacity and low patient eligibility for reperfusion. We recommend preventive strategies and health care infrastructure-appropriate management guidelines.
This study examines the effect of monetary policy on economic growth of West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) countries from 2002 - 2022. In the model, money supply (M2), interest rate (INTR), and ...inflation rate (INFR) are considered the independent variable while real gross domestic product (RGDP) is given as the dependent variable. This study used Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Panel regression analysis, and finding indicate that money supply and interest rate have positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth among WAMZ member countries. The inflation rate has negative and significant impact on GDP. The random effect model on the other hand reveals that money supply is positive and statistically significant on GDP. Similarly, the effect of interest rate is positive but statistically insignificant on economic growth. However, the impact of inflation rate is negative but statistically significant on economic growth of the WAMZ member countries. Therefore, the study recommends the implementation of sound monetary policies such as expansionary Open Market Operation (to increase money supply as increase in money supply increases economic growth), adjust the contractionary discount rate (by reducing the rate of interest rate in order to expand liquidity and investment). The study also recommended that WAMZ country’s banks should be committed to the mission of price stability, as well as improving the regulatory and supervisory framework to secure a strong financial sector for efficient intermediation, economic growth and development.
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