The main goal of this literature review is to discuss the emerging trends, challenges and opportunities in the field of medical imaging education in Europe due to the Covid-19 pandemic scenario that ...forced the remodeling of the teaching and learning process. A bibliographic search was carried out in the main databases and from resources available in scientific and professional associations in Europe. Exclusion criteria included articles without contributions on distance learning or active learning. Education and training in medical imaging field had to readapt and the usual opportunities for medical imaging and radiotherapy (MIR) students to learn in person in the classroom, lab and clinical settings, had to be quickly transformed into distance learning opportunities. Thus, online education became a pedagogical shift from traditional method to the modern approach of teaching and learning from classroom to Zoom, from personal to virtual and from seminars to webinars, leading to the emergence of innovative teaching models. Moreover, student-centered strategies such as flipped classroom and game-based learning have been recently applied in health professions education with positive and very promising results. In conclusion, due to the pandemic crisis, MIR educators and students find themselves in the situation where they felt compelled to embrace the digital academic experience, allowing the progressive innovation of e-learning. In this context, game-based learning appears to be effective for improving knowledge, skills, attitudes and satisfaction and should be considered as a potential systematic tool in the field of medical imaging education. Therefore, preparedness of radiographers depends on the application of effective training and education methodologies that allows excellent clinical performance and maintaining high quality and safety standards, both through undergraduate course and continuous professional development.
A exposição a fontes de radiação para fins médicos é uma componente essencial e estabelecida na prática médica que apresenta benefícios inquestionáveis, mas também riscos associados. Como tal, é ...necessária a sensibilização da população para a perceção dos riscos de forma a melhorar os seus níveis de literacia. Através de um estudo descritivo-correlacional pretendeu-se avaliar o conhecimento dos utentes sobre a radiação ionizante e os seus potenciais efeitos. Foi adotado um método de amostragem não probabilístico acidental, e a amostra foi constituída por 181 utentes. Face aos resultados atingidos, foi possível concluir que, apesar de a maioria dos utentes apresentar conhecimentos básicos acerca das radiações ionizantes e das técnicas imagiológicas que as utilizam, existe carência e necessidade de prestação de esclarecimentos acerca dos procedimentos imagiológicos bem como dos riscos e benefícios inerentes à sua realização. Constatou-se também que o grau de conhecimento acerca da temática em questão depende da faixa etária, verificando-se uma maior literacia radiológica em indivíduos mais jovens. Apesar dos resultados relativamente favoráveis do estudo, considera-se necessária a adoção de estratégias de comunicação da informação adequadas que contribuam para o incremento da literacia radiológica da população.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to design an aluminium-based filter to reduce the anode heel effect in lumbar spine radiographs. Methods: Initially, lumbar spine examinations were observed in a ...public imaging department to determine the standard exposure parameters. Then, the characterization of the anode heel effect was made using the Unfors Xi R/F detector and based on the data collected, aluminium filters were designed with a wedge shape, with thicknesses ranging from 0.1 to 4.0 mm. The assessment of the entrance skin dose (ESD) reduction was performed on the anthropomorphic phantom, with and without filters, using the universal dosimeter UNIDOS E equipped with an ionization chamber. Lastly, the image quality assessment was performed with the Pehamed Phantom Digrad A+K and image quality surveys were applied to radiographers and radiologists. Results and Discussion: Uniformity of the beam was achieved, especially with the filter number 2, which presents a significant variation of 9% between cathode and anode side. This filter contributes to ESD reduction of 35% and 36% for AP and lateral projection, respectively. Also, according to the radiographers and radiologists, it improves the image quality of lumbar spine radiography. Conclusion: The use of aluminium filters can be advantageous in the clinical practice of radiographers when carrying out lumbar spine radiographs, since it allows to standardize the anode heel effect, reducing the radiation dose to the patient and without compromising the image quality.
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