•Diabetes may promote neuropathy.•Taurine supplementation (2%) via drinking water activates antioxidative defense system to alleviate neuropathy associated with diabetes.•Taurine reduces serum MDA ...concentration, suppresses the NF-κB expression, and enhances the Nrf2, HO-1, GLUT1,3 expressions.
Diabetic neuropathy is one of common complications of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress involves in the development of diabetic neuropathy, which could be reversed by supplementation of taurine, an endogenous antioxidant. This experiment was conducted to evaluate alterations in the expressions of transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glucose transporters and glucose metabolism in the brain of diabetic rats. In a 2×2 factorially arranged groups, taurine (2%) or water was administered per orally to healthy and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (n=10 per group) for 8weeks. Diabetes was associated with weight loss, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress as reflected by increased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. Diabetic rat brains had increased the NF-κB expression and decreased the Nrf2, HO-1, GLUT1,3 expressions as compared to healthy rat brains. Supplemental taurine did not alter body weight and blood glucose concentration, but partially reduced serum MDA concentration in the diabetic rats. Taurine also partially alleviated neuroinflammation as reflected by suppressed the NF-κB expression and enhanced the Nrf2, HO-1, GLUT1,3 expressions in the diabetic rats. In conclusion, taurine reduces the severity of oxidative stress through activating antioxidative defense signaling pathway in diabetic rat brain.
Objective: To investigate the antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, and apoptotic effects of extracts of Achillea biebersteinii (ABE) and combined treatments of ABE with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on HT-29 ...cells.Methods: The effects of ABE, 5-FU, and combined treatments on the viability of HT-29 cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Isobologram analysis was used to determine synergism between ABE and 5-FU. The apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects were determined by cell death detection and human vascular endothelial growth factor ELISA method, respectively. Transcriptional and translational expressions of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, p38 MAPK, Akt, PTEN, and mTOR were also evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis. Results: ABE decreased the viability of HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Combined treatment of hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts of Achillea biebersteinii with 5-FU at IC50 doses decreased the cell viability to 26.0％, 19.1％, and 14.9％, respectively (P<0.001). Furthermore, ABE treatment alone and combination with 5-FU, induced apoptosis, significantly downregulated mTOR, Akt, Bcl-2 expression, upregulated p53, Bax, PTEN, p38 MAPK expression, and exhibited anti-angiogenetic effects. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ABE shows synergism with 5-FU and inhibits the proliferation of HT-29 cells by inducing apoptosis and suppressing angiogenesis, which may provide biological evidence for further use of ABE in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Fullerene C
60
is known to have particularly strong antioxidant ability to protect against oxidative stress-induced dysfunctions and tissue damage. In this study, the preventive effects of C
60
were ...investigated in rats that caused eye tissue damage with 7,12-dimethylbenzaanthracene (DMBA). 60 Wistar albino female rats were used in the study. Groups: (i) Control Group: Group fed with standard diet; (ii) C
60
Group: Fullerene C
60
(1.7 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) given group; (iii) DMBA Group: The group given DMBA (45 mg/kg bw, oral gavage); (iv) C
60
+ DMBA Group: Fulleren C
60
(1.7 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) and DMBA (45 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) group. Each group included 15 female rats and the study continued for 16 weeks. The protein levels were determined by western blotting and the biochemistry parameters were determined with spectrophotometric assays in rat eye tissue homogenates. Compared to the DMBA given group in the eye tissue, a decrease was observed in MDA levels and IL-1α and COX-2 protein expression levels, and an increase in GSH level, CAT activity and caspase-3, HO-1, p53 and Beclin-1 expression levels in the C
60
given groups. Our results show that fullerene C
60
protects eye tissue from oxidative damage and reduces inflammation via trigging HO-1 expression.
identified in 2019 for the first time is an endemic species of
genus belonging to Caryophyllaceae family. Ten compounds were isolated from aerial parts of the plant. The potential antioxidant and ...anti-inflammatory effects of all four phases (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water) from the methanol extract of the plant were investigated. After considering the findings regarding both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, it was decided to investigate the phytochemical profile of the EtOAc layer of
. An abscisic acid-type sesquiterpene glucoside and nine flavonoid derivatives were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the
methanol extract through the use of column chromatography with silica gel.
Chromium (Cr) is an essential trace element that has garnered interest for use as a weight loss aid, but its molecular mechanism in obesity is not clear. In this study, an attempt has been made to ...investigate the effects of chromium histidinate (CrHis) on glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB p65) and the oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal adducts (HNE) expressions in liver of rats fed high fat diet (HFD).
Male Wistar rats (n = 40, 8 wk-old) were divided into four groups. Group I was fed a standard diet (12% of calories as fat); Group II was fed a standard diet and supplemented with 110 μg CrHis/kg BW/d; Group III was fed a HFD (40% of calories as fat); Group IV was fed HFD and supplemented with 110 μg CrHis/kg BW/d.
Rats fed HFD possessed greater serum insulin (40 vs.33 pmol/L) and glucose (158 vs. 143 mg/dL) concentration and less liver Cr (44 vs.82 μg/g) concentration than rats fed the control diet. However, rats supplemented with CrHis had greater liver Cr and serum insulin and lower glucose concentration in rats fed HFD (P < 0.05). The hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB p65) and HNE were increased in high fat group compared to control group, but reduced by the CrHis administration (P < 0.05). The levels of hepatic Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased by supplementation of CrHis (P < 0.05).
These findings demonstrate that supplementation of CrHis is protective against obesity, at least in part, through Nrf2-mediated induction of HO-1 in rats fed high fat diet.
The densities of eutectic (LiF)2–BeF2 and mixtures of this salt (FLiBe) with LaF3 were measured by dilatometry and by neutron attenuation from 673 K to 1,073 K. Because LaF3 has a limited solubility ...in FLiBe, it was necessary to determine the amount of LaF3 in solution before the density could be determined. The FLiBe density determination was favorably benchmarked against the literature data. A simple comparison was not available for the LaF3–FLiBe mixtures, so extrapolation of published data was necessary based on analysis using the Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database-Thermochemistry, or MSTDB-TC, developed by the US Department of Energy. Solubilities for LaF3 in FLiBe ranged from 1 to 4 mol % over 673 to 1,073 K. The salt system was heated and cooled over 24 h to evaluate potential changes in composition and hysteresis during the measurement. Changes in the meniscus were observed, and these were included in the correction for density determinations. Salt surface tension may have led to supersaturation of LaF3 in the salt because the solubility curve was nonlinear with respect to the inverse temperature, as would be expected for an ideal system. Surface tension measurements are currently underway to test this hypothesis.
The challenge of growing rare-earth (RE) sesquioxide crystals can be overcome by tailoring their structural stability and melting point via composition engineering. This work contributes to the ...advancement of the field of crystal growth of high-entropy oxides. A compound with only small REs (Lu,Y,Ho,Yb,Er)
2
O
3
maintains a cubic C-type structure upon cooling from the melt, as observed via
in-situ
high-temperature neutron diffraction on aerodynamically levitated samples. On the other hand, a compound with a mixture of small and large REs (Lu,Y,Ho,Nd,La)
2
O
3
crystallizes as a mixture of a primary C-type phase with an unstable secondary phase. Crystals of compositions (Lu,Y,Ho,Nd,La)
2
O
3
and (Lu,Y,Gd,Nd,La)
2
O
3
were grown by the micro-pulling-down (mPD) method with a single monoclinic B-type phase, while a powder of (Lu,Y,Ho,Yb,Er)
2
O
3
did not melt at the maximum operating temperature of an iridium-rhenium crucible. The minimization of the melting point of the two grown crystals is attributed to the mismatch in cation sizes. The electron probe microanalysis reveals that the general element segregation behavior in the crystals depends on the composition.
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•Density of NaCl-KCl, NaCl-YCl3, KCl-YCl3, NaCl-UCl3 and KCl-UCl3 molten salts were modeled.•Temperature and composition dependent Redlich-Kister expansion is used in the ...model.•NaCl-KCl-UCl3 and NaCl-KCl-YCl3 molten salt densities were successfully estimated.•Muggianu interpolation scheme was used to estimate the ternary molten salt densities.
Densities of molten KCl-NaCl-UCl3 and KCl-NaCl-YCl3 ternary systems have been estimated using a multidimensional Redlich-Kister model. Temperature and composition dependent Redlich-Kister functions have been used to generate binary interaction parameters in the outlined ternary salt systems. These binary interactions have been used in the extrapolation to ternary system densities. The results of the density extrapolations by Muggianu interpolation scheme provide agreement within 2–3% for the NaCl-KCl-YCl3 liquids and 11% in NaCl-KCl-UCl3 liquids compared to the available experimental data. Modeling NaCl-KCl-UCl3 molten phase density with a ternary interaction parameter improved the agreement within 4%. Thermophysical modeling used in this study has shown promising results for use in other material properties, such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity of the molten salts. Furthermore, the outlined modeling method applied in these specific molten salt ternaries can be used for quaternary or higher multicomponent molten salt systems.
Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a critical problem in cancer therapy, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. TP53‐induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase (TIGAR), an ...important glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, plays a crucial role in cancer cell survival by protecting cells against oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether TIGAR is involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in doxorubicin (DOX)‐resistant human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), A549/DOX cells. We found that the expression of TIGAR was significantly higher in A549/DOX cells than in the parent A549 cell lines. siRNA‐mediated TIGAR knockdown reduced migration, viability and colony survival of doxorubicin‐resistant lung cancer cells. Also, TIGAR knockdown decreased pro‐survival protein Bcl‐2 and increased pro‐apoptotic Bax and cleaved poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, TIGAR depletion significantly up‐regulated both caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 expression. Furthermore, TIGAR depletion up‐regulated the expression of E‐cadherin and down‐regulated the expression of vimentin. These results indicate that TIGAR knockdown may inhibit EMT in doxorubicin (DOX)‐resistant human NSCLC and may represent a therapeutic target for a non‐small lung cancer cells chemoresistance.
Herbal compounds are important resources that used in the treatment of many diseases, and are inspiring in drug design and development. Rheum ribes, a perennial native plant, has potentially diverse ...medicinal effects, including antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-tumor activity. The key molecules associated with anticancer activity of R. ribes in tumor formation still remains unclear. The present study was aimed to elucidate the antiproliferative effects of two purified compounds, emodin and aloe-emodin, from R. ribes. In our study, chromatographic separation was used to purification of compounds. Experimental 1D and 2D 1H and 13C-NMR spectra helped us to confirm the chemical structures of emodin and aloe-emodin. The viability of human glioblastoma cell line (U373), human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), and human colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29) were detected by WST-1 proliferation assay as dose- and time-dependent. The isolated emodin and aloe-emodin from R. ribes, reduced viability of human glioblastoma, breast and colorectal cancer cell lines in dose- and time-dependent manner significantly. These antiproliferative effects may contribute as a possible strategy to the development of new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cancer.
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