Background Klotho proteins （α- and β） are membrane-based circulating proteins that regulate cell metabolism, as well as the lifespan modulating activity of Fibroblast Growth Factors （FGFs）. Recent ...data has shown that higher plasma circulating Klotho levels reduce cardio- vascular risk, suggesting Klotho has a protective role in cardiovascular diseases. However, although so far it has been identified in various organs, it is unknown whether cardiomyocytes express Klotho and FGFs, and whether high cardiovascular risk could affect cardiac expres- sion ofKlotho, FGFs and other molecules. Methods We selected 20 patients with an estimated 10-year high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and 10 age-matched control subjects with an estimated 10-year low risk undergone cardiac surgery for reasons other than coronary artery by-pass. In myocardial biopsies, we evaluated by immuno-histochemistry whether Klotho and FGFs were expressed in cardiomyo- cytes, and whether higher cardiovascular risk influenced the expression of other molecules involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxida- tive stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Results Only cardiomyocytes of patients with a higher cardiovascular risk showed lower expression of Klotho, but higher expressions of FGFs. Furthermore, higher cardiovascular risk was associated with increased expression of oxidative and endoplasmic reticular stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusions This study showed for the first time that Klotho proteins are ex- pressed in human cardiomyocytes and that cardiac expression of Klotho is down-regulated in higher cardiovascular risk patients, while expression of stress-related molecules were significantly increased.
The COVID-19 epidemic has caused huge strain on health infrastructure. In this pandemic, burden on healthcare workforce is rising, as there was need to give treatment, observing, and subsequent ...follow-ups during the epidemic. Consequently, the Covid-19 pandemic has profoundly affected healthcare. Clinical focuses are presently reacting to CORONA VIRUS 19 through fast appropriation of advanced devices and advances, for example, Tele health and effective consideration which allude to the conveyance of medical care directing computerized or a ways off utilizing Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for therapy of One still living. Tele health was required to convey opportune consideration while limiting openness to secure clinical professionals and One still living. In like manner, a quick writing audit was led, and 35 examination contemplates distributed from 2019 to May 2020 were utilized to give hypothetical and functional proof on the hugeness of utilizing Tele health and effective consideration for far off treatment of One still living during the CORONA VIRUS 19epidemic. This article gives down to earth manage dependent on the best way to utilize Tele health and effective consideration during the CORONA VIRUS 19 epidemic. This investigation gives suggestion on the possibilities of combining effective consideration arrangements soon towards adding to incorporate advanced innovations into medical services.
Materials and Methods: The material required for the review was taken from the databases of PubMed, Web of science,the from the website of World Health Organization and the patients data of SMHRC and DMMC Wanadongari Nagpur.
Hydrogen peroxide (30%) is a commonly used "in office" bleaching agent. Deleterious effects of hydrogen peroxide on the pulp have been observed.
The present study was conducted with the aim to ...evaluate the penetration of 30% hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber through intact teeth and through the surface of teeth, restored with either hybrid composite or Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC).
Sixty extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected and divided into six groups. Two groups were restored with hybrid composite resin and two with RMGIC, while two groups were left intact. The teeth with acetate buffer solution in their pulp cavity were then immersed in either 30% hydrogen peroxide or distilled water depending upon the group, for 60 minutes at 37°C. Then horseradish peroxidase and leucocrystal violet were added to the acetate buffer solution present in the pulp chamber after it was transferred to a test tube and the optical density of the resultant blue solution obtained was measured spectrophotometrically.
The data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Student's t-test.
The data obtained established that hydrogen peroxide penetrated into the pulp from the bleaching agent used. Hydrogen peroxide (30%) showed the highest pulpal peroxide level in teeth restored with RMGIC followed by teeth restored with hybrid composite resin and the least amount of penetration was observed in intact teeth.
The amount of peroxide penetration into the tooth is more through restored tooth than intact tooth and is also dependant on the type of restorative materials used.
With each successive year, the number of Emergency Department (ED) visits related to illicit drug abuse has progressively increased. Cocaine is the most common illegal drug to cause a visit to the ...ED. Cocaine use results in a variety of pathophysiological changes with regards to the cardiovascular system, such as constriction of coronary vessels, dysfunction of vascular endothelium, decreased aortic elasticity, hemodynamic disruptions, a hypercoagulable state, and direct toxicity to myocardial and vascular tissue. The clinical course of patients with cocaine-induced chest pain (CCP) is often challenging, and electrocardiographic findings can be potentially misleading in terms of diagnosing a myocardial infarction. In addition, there is no current satisfactory study regarding outcomes of use of various pharmacological drug therapies to manage CCP. At present, calcium-channel blockers and nitroglycerin are two pharmacological agents that are advocated as first-line drugs for CCP management, although the role of labetalol has been controversial and warrants further investigation. We performed an extensive search of available literature through a large number of scholarly articles previously published and listed on Index Medicus. In this review, we put forward a concise summary of the current approach to a patient presenting to the ED with CCP and management of the clinical scenario. The purpose of this review is to summarize the understanding of cocaine’s cardiovascular pathophysiology and to examine the current approach for proper evaluation and management of CCP.
There has been a constant pursuit for development of newer therapies which can contribute to the relatively nascent field of cardioprotection in the setting of myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury. ...One novel cardioprotective agent among others, that has shown promising results in the limited number of research studies undertaken till now, is Urocortin. Urocortins are peptides belonging to the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone family.
Acting through a variety of downstream mechanisms, urocortin has been shown to alter cellular metabolism and modulate the mechanism of cell death occurring as a result of ischemia-reperfusion injury. New evidence continues to accumulate in support of urocortin's beneficial role in cytoprotection.
We present here an updated review largely focused on the various mechanisms through which urocortin alters cellular metabolism, and discuss the clinical potential of urocortin's cardioprotective ability in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Introduction: Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) has been a controversial topic in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery speciality especially regarding temporomandibular joint disorders and internal derangement ...of articular disc. The aetiology behind it has been related to the anatomic variations of the disc and its impact on the functioning of the articular disc. To understand such anatomic variation, the study has been conducted that will help future maxillofacial surgeon’s in designing accurate prosthetic articular disc that will improve the overall mechanics of the functioning of the prosthetic disc. Aim: To analyse the morphometric variations of the intra-articular disc in terms of circumference of the disc, perforations and their thickness within the disc in cadavers. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was carried out on cadavers in the Department of Anatomy. SBKS Medical College and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Gujarat, India. The study was done from January 2017 to October 2018. Temporomandibular joints were dissected bilaterally from 10 human cadavers, i.e., 20 articular discs. The disc was removed and was measured with the help of thread, vernier callipers and standardised metallic scale and the circumference and thickness in the disc were evaluated. Descriptive statistical test was used and Chi-square test was applied. Results: Mean thickness of disc, both in males as well as females ranged from 1.4-2.0 mm in the Posterio-Medial (PM) and Posterio- Lateral (PL) region, while in Anterio-Medial (AM) and Anterio- Lateral (AL) region it ranged from 1.6-1.8 mm. Maximum length of disc ranged from 12-13 mm in anterio-posterio dimension while in Medio-Lateral (ML) it was 22-23 mm. Conclusion: The study gives an indepth knowledge about the various morphometric variations of articular disc and also shows its impact on the functioning of the disc. The study also directs maxillofacial surgeons to design prosthetic articular disc with greater accuracy and anatomical knowledge so that the procedures like surgical replacement of the disc can be carried out with greater potency and efficacy for the betterment of the patient.
We present a case of a 35-year-old male patient with a 12-hour history of sudden-onset, crushing chest pain and associated complaints of profuse diaphoresis, nausea and vomiting. The patient was ...transferred to our institution from an outside hospital for evaluation and possible emergent catheterization. Left heart catheterization was conclusive for normal coronary arteries and a ventriculogram revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction of approximately 45%. Due to a suspicion of myocarditis based on clinical history, pertinent serology tests were ordered, which were found to be negative. Cardiac magnetic resonance on delayed enhancement imaging showed typical sub-epicardial enhancement in a pattern most consistent with myocarditis. The patient was eventually diagnosed with myocarditis and discharged home later, without needing a myocardial biopsy. We present and discuss here the indications of myocardial biopsy and compare the relative utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in formulating the diagnosis of myocarditis.
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