Introduction Land use planning, especially land subdivision, plays a key role in making a decision on how to properly use the land and subdivide it. That is why such planning influences the state of ...the environment and can have positive and negative effects (Metternicht, 2018: 3). In simple words, with different street network patterns, land subdivision creates various lots in different shapes and with various advantages. In other words, at the execution stage, land subdivision affects the land price. So, some lots will have a higher value due to their advantages compared to some other lots (Evans, 2004: 75). Considering what abovementioned, this comparative study aims: 1 – To evaluate the quality of the existing land subdivisions in the planned texture, worn-out texture, and informal settlements using the current land subdivision standards; 2 – To assess the correlation between the opinions of experts, real estate agents, property owners, and non-owners on the quality of land subdivision with the current status of the land subdivision based on research indicators; 3 – To evaluate the impact of human-managerial factors and the land value in the land subdivision process. Data and Method To collect data, a field study was used. To select blocks randomly as research sample, the Fishnet tool in ArcMap software was used. Totally, 353 blocks in district one and 386 blocks in district three were selected as research samples. To collect data on the status of the land subdivision in the selected blocks, a database was constructed for the study areas using the indicators of area, number of frontages, building orientation, chamfer or fillet, street width, street function, lot shape, aspect ratio, and distance to different land-uses, then the required analyses were performed. In the next step, using a researcher-made questionnaire, the three groups of experts, real estate agents and property owners, and non-owners were surveyed to align the observed advantages and disadvantages with the opinions of the three abovementioned groups. The validity of the questions was estimated using face validity. Its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0.76, which was within the acceptable range. The statistical population included the total population of the two studied districts (n=448,121 people) and the sample size was estimated to be 384 people using the Cochran formula at 95% confidence level and with a 5% error. Also, SPSS software was used for questionnaire analysis. Results and Discussion According to the analysis carried out for the first aim, the obtained averages revealed the inappropriate residential and commercial subdivisions. In this issue, streets play a very important role, because different street network patterns significantly affect the characteristics of lots. As observed, for residential and commercial land-uses in both districts, the average width of the streets and the adaptation level of land-uses with the street function were below the standards, which also reduced the quality of access. According to the analysis performed for the second aim, it was found that experts' opinions on six cases in district one and seven cases in district three were significantly correlated with the current status of the land subdivision. Also, property owners and non-owners on five cases in district three and two cases in district one were significantly correlated with the current status of the land subdivision. Real estate agents' opinions on one case in each district were significantly correlated with the current status of the land subdivision. For the third aim, it was found that the respondents in district one and district three considered the land value and human-managerial factors as effective factors in inappropriate land subdivisions, respectively. In other words, it can be said that the land value and human-managerial factors, along with the lack of efficient solutions and proper surveillance of land subdivision, are considered as factors for inappropriate land subdivision in the study area. In addition, with an average of 3.5 in district one, experts and real-estate agents have assessed the land value more effective in inappropriate land subdivisions compared to the property owners and non-owners. Also, with an average of 3.7 in district three, experts and property owners and none property owners have assessed the human-managerial factors more effective in inappropriate land subdivisions compared to the real estate agents. Conclusion Findings showed that according to the land subdivision indicators used in our research, residential and commercial land-uses don’t meet the land subdivision standards. In this case, streets play the more dominant role than other factors. Measuring the alignment of experts, real estate agents, property owners and non-owners' opinions on the quality of land subdivision with its current status based on research indicators showed that with the highest frequency, experts' opinions on six cases in district one and seven cases in district three are significantly correlated with the current status of the land subdivision. Finally, according to the three abovementioned groups' opinions, the land value in district one and the human-managerial factors in district three were evaluated as effective factors in inappropriate land subdivisions.
Open spaces play an important role in reducing the amount of work and the results of natural and artificial disasters. The main function of it, in the time of earthquake, is separation of one area ...with potential risk from another, and thus prevents the development of chains of events and focused of activity of destructive forces. This study shows that open spaces within the city of Tabriz can be divided in to four main categories as urban green spaces, arid lands, urban gardens and farms within city limits in which open spaces can be effective in reducing losses from earthquakes and play important role to optimal management of crises in various stages of crises caused by the earthquake. Results show that all open spaces in urban area of Tabriz, including aforementioned 4 categories have an areas of about 11722 ha, the level of which is equivalent to 47% of the total surface area of Tabriz. Analytical results of this study show two major subjects; the first however, from the perspective of quantity compared with other cities open spaces seems a little too common but it should be noted that the distribution of these spaces in different parts of Tabriz is very heterogeneous. Secondly, most of the aforementioned levels include arid lands (7158 ha) and form land (3592 ha) in located in the outlying areas of city of Tabriz.
One of the most fundamental aspects of any country is the housing economy. Because its price changes will cause numerous effects on the national economy in the short and long periods; therefore, it ...is essential to obtain a model which can assess housing prices. In this regard, the objectives of this research are to compare multiple linear regression and random forest regression to evaluate the price of residential units and extract the important factors in relation to the price of them. The statistical population included four north valiasr neighborhoods (n=30,272 units) and the sample size was estimated to be 379 units using the cochran formula at 95% confidence level and with a 5% error. But 400 samples considered. To eliminate the effect of time, only the data of september, 2020 were used. Also, arcmap, spss and rstudio software were used to analyze the data. According to the results, area, apartment floors, construction year, proximity to health centers, urban facilities, green spaces, religious land-use, medical centers, military land-uses and floor level, are the ten most important variables in relation to housing prices in the north valiasr neighborhoods, respectively. Further, according to the findings, random forest regression has a superior capability in predicting housing prices in north valiasr of tabriz compared to multiple linear regression.
Abstract Management of towns as wide organizations through local communities can be interpreted as a means of both mutual interactions and the effect of physical structure on individuals. In order to ...achieve sustainable urban development which is based on consultative management of developmental plans, an appropriate capacity needs to be built. Capacity building in urban neighborhoods can be conducted through understanding citizens' abilities and engaging them in urban plans. The communication between the citizens and urban governors plays the most important role in sustainable formation of urban neighborhoods, management of optimal quality of life, conditions of residential neighborhoods, and sustainable urban development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of consultative management performance on physical sustainability of urban neighborhoods. Survey method was utilized to collect data. In so doing, a "structured questionnaire" that was designed based on internal and external sustainability indicators was applied. The target population included four main neighborhoods of Piranshahr. A sample of 382 individuals was selected through Cochrans' model. Statistical tests were conducted to check the sustainability of every single indicator. Then, the urban neighborhoods were ranked based on Vikor model. Finally, the results showed that the target indicators had a significant effect on the sustainability increase of the urban neighborhoods such that the people's participation affected neighborhoods sustainability in the town. Finally, based on Vikor model the results showed that neighborhood 2 with a sustainability rate of Q=0.55 had more favorable conditions compared to the other neighborhoods.
The purpose of this research analyzed role of criteria it in the physical development of the isInstability piranshahr and environmental impact on the periphery areas and the formation of informal ...settlements in urban marginal areas.In this study, the spatio-temporal patterns and processes of urban growth of piranshahr were investigated from 1984 to 2013 by using satellite remote sensing images,holder, spatial metrics and logistic regression modelling..his.Therefore, in this study has been evaluated Due to importance of the issue sustainable development in the surrounding areas of the city, and that the city managers assessed Results of their activities in rural areas and urban sphere of influence to Apply the futures activities Piranshahr physical expansion of the city according to the principles and standards of urban growth. Finally, the findings showed although that village Shin Abad has joined to city. And now it will be one of the regions But the Aspral growth did not have The Expand city has been mainly Consistent with population growth caused by successive migrations during the last decades but many informal settlements have formed On the fringe connection between the two cities, villages
In the past few decades urban areas of Iran have grown very rapidly. According to statistics bureau of Iran, in 1996, 61.31% of the population lived in 614 urban centers-some 36 million. By 2020, ...this figure is estimated to rise to 80 %. This rise in urban population has resulted in continuous creation and growth of squatter settlements and in spreading of civil services until the breaking point. Serious shelter shortages, overcrowding, decreasing of the standards of public health and sanitary services, deterioration in the quality of living are the bitter fruits of the urban expansion in Iran. In this article based on a broad field study, we try to show some of physical environmental bitters which informal settlements in Iranian cities are faced with, especially in Tabriz city as a fourth biggest metropolitan area based on GIS analysis. This research is prepared in 3 parts: Part 1 the case of Tabriz city, Part 2: physical and man-made hazards, Part3: Evaluation of land tenures and dwellings.
The main purpose of this study is to study the relationship between urban morphology and noise pollution in the three regions of Tabriz (Imamiyeh and Manzaria neighborhoods). Data collection From the ...study area, audio data were collected in 45 shifts in the morning (7 to 10) and night (19 to 22) at 45 points in the study area. Audio data was collected using the Decibel X application. The results show that the average sound in the morning is 87.06 dB and the standard deviation is 10.16. Also, the average sound in the night interval is equal to 90.08 decibels and the standard deviation is 9.28. It is observed that the average of both mentioned intervals is higher than the standard. Based on the analysis of the average sound by the user, the terminal with the average sound of 95.52 decibels and the standard deviation of 2.94 had the highest average sound during the day. In the night interval, the terminal with the average sound of 95.81 decibels and the standard deviation of 3.43 has the highest average sound. Also, based on the standards presented in the section on theoretical foundations, it is observed that all applications are higher than the standard sound level. Wilcoxon test was also significant at the level of 0.000 which showed that the average sound in the study range for morning and night is higher than the standard 75 decibels.
The activities of cobalt catalysts prepared by the microemulsion impregnation method on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and functionalised carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) supports were evaluated in the ...Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The catalysts were characterised by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area methods. The results show that the cobalt particles in the FCNTs support are mostly located inside the tubes of the CNTs and show a narrower particle size distribution. The experimental results show that the cobalt catalyst supported on FCNTs leads to a higher CO conversion and FTS activity compared to that supported on normal CNTs. Calculated kinetic results show that the activation energies fall within the narrow range of 101.1–107.1 kJ mol−1 and the heat of hydrogen adsorption was calculated to be −40.2 and −26.2 kJ mol−1 for Co/CNTs and Co/FCNTs catalysts respectively. FCNTs, as a catalyst support of Co nanoparticles, maintain high dispersion which can be attributed to a hydrogen spillover effect of functional groups on the CNT surface.
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