Abstract Background Asthma in pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications. Our aim was to estimate incidence and describe risk factors for adverse obstetrical and ...perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma. Methods Women enrolled in the Management of Asthma during Pregnancy (MAP) program were each matched with three controls (i.e. consecutive women giving birth at our obstetrical service). Asthma severity was classified according to treatment step. Data on obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were obtained from medical records. Logistic regression analysis was applied, and findings expressed as odds ratios (OR) unadjusted and adjusted (adj) for BMI, age, parity, smoking, ethnicity and marital status. Results Nine-hundred-thirty-nine pregnancies in women with asthma (i.e. cases) were compared to 2.782 controls. Overall, the incidence of complications was low, although women with asthma had a statistically significant higher risk of pre-eclampsia (5% vs. 3%, ORadj 1.60, 95% CI 1.07–2.38; p = 0.02) and small for gestational age neonates (SGA) (ORadj 1.30, 95% CI 1.10–1.54; p < 0.01) compared to controls. Compared to mild asthma, more severe asthma was associated with a higher risk of SGA (60% vs 53%, ORadj. 1.30, 95% CI 1.10–1.54; p < 0.01). Women with asthma exacerbation during pregnancy tended to have a higher risk of severe pre-eclampsia (ORadj 3.33 95% CI 0.96–11.65, p = 0.06) compared to pregnancies without any exacerbations. Conclusion The overall risk of adverse obstetrical and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by asthma is low compared to non-asthmatic women. Our observations suggest that enrollment into an asthma management program has a positive impact on overall pregnancy outcome.
With the development of technology, more and more enterprises have begun to use cloud computing. As the main service provider in the cloud computing field, Microsoft's cloud computing has attracted ...much attention. At the same time, customer satisfaction is a key factor in measuring and supporting corporate performance. The purpose of this research is to attain the status of customer satisfaction, discover any influencing factors, and the reasons for customer satisfaction by using online review data. Overall, the research results indicate that the number of satisfied reviews of Microsoft cloud computing is much higher than the number of dissatisfied ones. Quantitative data show that customers' online reviews mainly come from companies of different sizes, three main industries, and three main departments and qualitative data show that the main factors affecting customer satisfaction are products, support services, and business value.
The cost of developing a new drug is approximately USD 2.6 billion, and over two-thirds of the total cost is embedded in the clinical-testing phase. Patient recruitment is the single biggest cause of ...clinical trial delays, and these delays can result in up to USD 8 million per day in lost revenue for pharmaceutical companies. Further, clinical trials struggle to keep participants engaged in the study and as many as 40% drop out. To overcome these challenges pharmaceutical companies and research institutions (e.g., universities) increasingly use an emerging concept: virtual clinical trials (VCT) based on a remote approach.
VCT (site-less) are a relatively new method of conducting a clinical trial, taking full advantage of technology (apps, monitoring devices, etc.) and inclusion of web platforms (recruitment, informed consent, counselling, measurement of endpoints, and any adverse reactions) to allow the patient to be home-based at every stage of the clinical trial. Studies have shown that VCT are not only operationally feasible, but also successful. They have higher recruitment rates, better compliance, lower drop-out rates, and are conducted faster than traditional clinical trials. The visual nature of dermatological conditions, the relative ease in evaluating skin diseases virtually, and the fact that skin diseases often are not life-threatening and rarely require complex examinations make VCT very attractive for dermatological research. Further, making correct diagnoses based on photographs and patient symptomatology has always been part of the dermatologist's routine. Thus, VCT are in many ways made for dermatology. Herein we describe VCT and their implications in dermatological research.
This study aims to explore the attitudes and perception of people and their intention to use the electric cars based on its cost, usefulness, satisfaction, enjoyment, ease of use and their ...expectation from government in the form of subsidies to the owners of electric cars, which finally results in their purchase intentions. A descriptive research design is used for this study and the data have been collected from 203 participants from New Zealand. A survey method was used and the questionnaire was developed. The results of the survey indicate that a higher percentage of the respondents are ready to embark on the use of electric cars and the only factor that acts as a constraint in their buying interest is the cost of the car. It is also evident from the results that people are concerned about environmental sustainability and with a little push from the government can convince the people and can initiate their switch to electric cars.
The increased emission of Greenhouse Gases drives the wheel of climate change faster that · Corresponding Authors Email: zsha016@aucklanduni.ac.nz affects humans, animals, land by glacier melts, ...droughts, wildfires, heat and cold waves (Abas et al., 2017). According to German watch 2020 report, more than 499.45 people died and economic loss of $3.8 billion was occurred during more than 152 extreme weather events from 1999-2018 in Pakistan (Eckstein et al., 2019). Women can help in dealing with matters like energy consumption, car use, deforestation, burning of vegetation, use of chemicals in farming and playing a role in economic growth. ...it is pertinent to investigate the perception of women. For the present study, literate and semi-literate women from all four provinces of Pakistan were the target population. Since climatic variability affects rural women more acutely than urban women, it was necessary to distribute questionnaires to semi-literate women in rural areas, despite the extra resources required in their distribution.
Chronic urticaria (CU) has been associated with several systemic and autoimmune disorders. The association with atopic disorders is however controversial. The objective of this study was to perform a ...systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between CU and the atopic disorders: atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC).
Search hits from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically reviewed. English papers from 2000 to present, containing original data of the association (prevalence, incidence, or risk) between CU and any atopic disorder(s), were included. Pooled point prevalence and OR with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with a random effects model.
A total of 8,108 search hits were screened and reviewed. Thirty-eight studies met all inclusion criteria. The estimated pooled point prevalence of AD, asthma, and ARC in CU was 7% (5-11%, I2 = 99%), 12% (9-15%, I2 = 100%), and 22% (16-29%, I2 = 100%), respectively. Pooled ORs were estimated to 2.75 (2.05-3.68, I2 = 94%) for AD, 1.87 (1.01-3.45, I2 = 100%) for asthma, and 2.94 (1.84-4.68, I2 = 100%) for ARC.
Pooled point prevalences of atopic disorders in CU were comparable to the general population. However, studies that compared prevalences with controls from the same population all found a significantly increased risk of atopic disorders in CU. Results should however be interpreted with caution as high heterogeneity was found in all analyses.
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