Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main characteristics of malignant tumors, which is due to the flexible changes of cell metabolism that can meet the needs of cell growth and maintain the ...homeostasis of tissue environments. Cancer cells can obtain metabolic adaptation through a variety of endogenous and exogenous signaling pathways, which can not only promote the growth of malignant cancer cells, but also start the transformation process of cells to adapt to tumor microenvironment. Studies show that m6A RNA methylation is widely involved in the metabolic recombination of tumor cells. In eukaryotes, m6A methylation is the most abundant modification in mRNA, which is involved in almost all the RNA cycle stages, including regulation the transcription, maturation, translation, degradation and stability of mRNA. M6A RNA methylation can be involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of m6A RNA methylation modification plays in tumor metabolism-related molecules and pathways, aiming to show the importance of targeting m6A in regulating tumor metabolism.
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in regulating the progression of ovarian cancer. Macrophages, which are ...important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, participate in the regulation of various biological behaviors and influence the prognosis of ovarian cancer. A large number of studies have targeted macrophages for the treatment of ovarian cancer. In addition, macrophages also play a regulatory role by interacting with other immune cells, including T cells and mesothelial cells, in the ovarian cancer microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the progress made in macrophage‐targeted therapy for ovarian cancer. Although there are still several challenges in using this treatment, targeted macrophage therapy is still a promising treatment for ovarian cancer.
Multiple studies have shown that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in tumour progression, including carcinogenesis, invasion, metastasis and the chemoresistance of cancer ...cells. Immune cells, including macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and T cells, play a dual role in the tumour microenvironment. Although increasing research has focused on studying interactions between distinct cells in the tumour microenvironment, the complex relationships between CAFs and immune cells remain unclear and need further study. Here, we summarize our current understanding of crosstalk between CAFs and immune cells, which may help clarify their diagnostic and therapeutic value in tumour progression.
HDL plays crucial roles at multiple stages of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, ...the effect of AMPK activation on HDL functionality has not been established in vivo. We assessed the effects of pharmacological AMPK activation using A-769662, AICAR, metformin, and IMM-H007 on the atheroprotective functions of HDL in apoE-deficient (apoE−/−) mice fed with a high-fat diet. After administration, there were no changes in serum lipid levels among the groups. However, mice treated with AMPK activators showed significantly enhanced reverse cholesterol transport in vivo and in vitro. AMPK activation also increased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in macrophages and scavenger receptor class B type I and LCAT in the liver. HDL from AMPK activation mice exhibited lower HDL inflammatory index and myeloperoxidase activity and higher paraoxonase 1 activity than HDL from untreated mice, implying superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Pharmacological AMPK activation also induced polarization of macrophages to the M2 state and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokine production, and atherosclerotic plaque formation in apoE−/− mice. These observations suggest that pharmacological AMPK activation enhances the anti-atherogenic properties of HDL in vivo. This likely represents a key mechanism by which AMPK activation attenuates atherosclerosis.
Perceived social support is a known factor in preventing job burnout in many professions. However, the influence of coping strategies on perceived social support and job burnout remains unclear. The ...current study investigated firefighters using data from a two-wave study to fill this gap in knowledge. Chinese firefighters (N = 340) participated in the study for 3-months. Results indicated that perceived social support at baseline predicted job burnout at the 3-month follow-up through coping strategies. We concluded that perceived social support acts through positive coping strategies to reduce job burnout in Chinese firefighters.
Purpose
The study aims to explore the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) and job burnout among firefighters, as well as the mediating effect of coping in the relationship ...of PTSS and job burnout.
Methods
A total of 431 firefighters participated in the study by completing a questionnaire package including Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI).
Results
(1) The level of firefighters’ emotional exhaustion of job burnout varied significantly by age groups
F
(2, 428) = 4.33,
p
< 0.05, and working years
F
(2, 428) = 3.22,
p
< 0.05; the level of cynicism of job burnout varied significantly by working years
F
(2, 428) = 3.63,
p
< 0.05. (2) PTSS was significantly and positively associated with job burnout (
β
= 0.899,
p
< 0.001). (3) Both avoidant coping and problem-solving mediated the relationship between PTSS and job burnout (
β
= 0.212,
p
< 0.001;
β
= 0.145,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusions
Firefighters with higher level of PTSS are more likely to have job burnout. Avoidant coping and problem-solving play the mediating role in the relationship between PTSS and job burnout. The clinical implications for firefighters’ interventions are discussed.
Macrophages play an essential role in regulating ovarian cancer immune microenvironment. Studies have shown that m6A methylation could influence immune microenvironment in cancer. In this study, we ...investigated the roles of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 and m6A recognition protein IGF2BP2 played in regulating macrophages polarization in ovarian cancer.
In this study, we first explored the differentially expressed m6A methylation enzymes in M0 and M2 macrophages according to two independent GEO datasets. TIMER2.0 and GSCA database were used to explore the immune analysis of ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2 in ovarian cancer. K-M plotter and TIMER2.0 databases were used to evaluate the prognostic role of ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2 in ovarian cancer. For CNV mutation analysis of ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2, cBioPortal and GSCA databases were used. For single-cell analysis, sc-TIME and HPA softwares were used to analyze the roles of ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2 played in immune cells in ovarian cancer. To identify the role of ALKBH5 played in macrophage polarization, RT-PCR was used to verify the macrophage polarization related markers in vitro study. The function of ALKBH5 played in ovarian cancer was further analyzed through GO and KEGG analysis.
In this study, we found that ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2 were up-regulated in M2 macrophages, which showed closely correlation with immune cells expressions in ovarian cancer, especially with macrophages. Ovarian cancer patients with higher expression of ALKBH5 and IGF2BP2 showed worse prognosis, possibly because of their close correlation with immune response. ALKBH5 also correlated with macrophage phenotypes in single-cell levels analysis. However, the expression level of IGF2BP2 in ovarian cancer immune microenvironment was very low. The results of RT-PCR indicated the potential role of ALKBH5 in M2 polarization of macrophages.
ALKBH5 participated in regulating macrophage M2 polarization in ovarian cancer immune microenvironment.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 5 million people around the world and killed more than 300,000 people; thus, it has become a global public health emergency. Our objective ...was to investigate the mental health of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Trauma Exposure Scale, abbreviated version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Demographic Questionnaire were used to examine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, trauma exposure, resilience and perceived social support among 898 patients who were hospitalized after being diagnosed with COVID-19 in China. The data were analyzed with t tests, one-way ANOVA and multivariable logistic regression analysis.
The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety was 13.2, 21.0 and 16.4%, respectively. Hospitalized patients who were more impacted by negative news reports, had greater exposure to traumatic experiences, and had lower levels of perceived social support reported higher PTSD, depression and anxiety.
Effective professional mental health services should be designed to support the psychological wellbeing of hospitalized patients, especially those who have severe disease, are strongly affected by negative news and have high levels of exposure to trauma.
ABSTRACTTo investigate the prevalence and comorbidity rate of potential posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in frontline firefighters in China, as well as to analyze the related ...predictive factors for PTSD and depression, our study included 261 firefighters who completed assessments including the Demographic Data Forum, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale. Among the participants, 1.9% and 11.9% were identified as having potential PTSD and depression, respectively. There was a 9.1% chance of comorbid PTSD among the depressed firefighters and a 60% chance of comorbid depression among the firefighters with PTSD. Perceived stress positively predicted both PTSD and depression; perceived social support negatively predicted both PTSD and depression. Whereas family exogenous support predicted both PTSD and depression, family endogenous support only predicted depression. In addition, PTSD was predicted by rank. Soldiers and sergeants demonstrated higher level of PTSD than officers. Future studies on mental health of firefighters should take factors like perceived stress, social support, and rank into consideration.
An oxidative linker cleaving (OLC) process was developed for surgical manipulation of the engraving process within single crystalline MOFs particles. The strategy relies on selective degradation of ...2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid linker into small molecular fragments by oxidative ring-opening reactions, resulting in controllable scissoring of framework. By regulation of the generation and diffusion of oxidative species, the core MOFs will undergo divergent etching routes, producing a series of single crystalline hollow and yolk–shell MOF structures. In addition, the OLC process can be initiated and localized around the pre-embedded Pd NPs through on-site catalytic generation of oxidative species, leading to solitary confinement of multiple NPs within one single crystalline MOF particle, namely, a multi-yolk–shell structure. This unique architecture can effectively protect NPs from agglomeration while realizing size selective catalysis at the same time.
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