Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic metabolism and may cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. Plants have a complex redox system, involving enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds. ...The evolutionary origin of enzymatic antioxidant defense in plants is yet unclear. Here, we describe the redox gene network for A. thaliana and investigate the evolutionary origin of this network. We gathered from public repositories 246 A. thaliana genes directly involved with ROS metabolism and proposed an A. thaliana redox gene network. Using orthology information of 238 Eukaryotes from STRINGdb, we inferred the evolutionary root of each gene to reconstruct the evolutionary history of A. thaliana antioxidant gene network. We found two interconnected clusters: one formed by SOD-related, Thiol-redox, peroxidases, and other oxido-reductase; and the other formed entirely by class III peroxidases. Each cluster emerged in different periods of evolution: the cluster formed by SOD-related, Thiol-redox, peroxidases, and other oxido-reductase emerged before opisthokonta-plant divergence; the cluster composed by class III peroxidases emerged after opisthokonta-plant divergence and therefore contained the most recent network components. According to our results, class III peroxidases are in expansion throughout plant evolution, with new orthologs emerging in each evaluated plant clade divergence.
A esporotricose é doença fúngica infecciosa causada por Sporothrix spp., que é encontrado em solo, plantas e lesões de gatos infectados, podendo ser adquirido por inoculação, através de material ...vegetal, mordedura, arranhadura de felinos, e inalação. A infecção, no Brasil, é causada principalmente pelo S. brasiliensis. A forma mais comum de apresentação é a linfocutânea, embora também possa se apresentar na forma ocular, rara em indivíduos imunocompetentes ou sem trauma ocular prévio.
Caso 1: Escolar masculino com quadro de conjuntivite à esquerda há 1 mês. Evoluiu com surgimento, à esquerda, de nódulos eritematosos em pálpebras e região pré-auricular. Genitora relatava ter gatos infectados em domicílio, mas negava lesões traumáticas. Ao exame físico: eritema conjuntival com presença de pápulas de aspecto granulomatoso em conjutiva tarsal do olho esquerdo, presença de nódulos eritematosos em pálpebras e linfonodomegalia pré-auricular e submandibular à esquerda. Foi identificado Sporothrix spp. através de exame micológico. Iniciado itraconazol com boa resposta clínica. Caso 2: Escolar feminina com relato de surgimento, à direita, de nódulos eritematosos e dolorosos em pálpebra inferior e região cervical há 6 semanas. Em uso de doxiciclina, prescrita por hipótese de doença da arranhadura do gato, sem melhora. Afirmava contato com gatos com esporotricose. Ao exame físico: nódulo eritematoso em pálpebra inferior direita com linfangite, presença de pápulas de aspecto granulomatoso e eritema em conjuntiva tarsal e bulbar, respectivamente. Linfonodomegalia em regiões pré-auricular e submandibular direitas. Exame micológico identificou Sporothrix spp. Suspensa doxiciclina, iniciado itraconazol, com resposta clínica satisfatória. Discussão: A síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud é caracterizada por conjuntivite granulomatosa, linfadenopatia regional ipsilateral dolorosa. É classicamente associada à infecção por B. hanselae, causadora da doença da arranhadura do gato, porém pode ser causada por outros agentes. Crianças, mulheres e idosos compõem o perfil epidemiológico típico da infecção por Sporothrix spp., pois tendem a ter mais contato com gatos, em ambiente domicilar. A esporotricose é tratada com itraconazol, um antifúngico eficaz, segundo literatura atual. Diante de todo o exposto, é imprescindível, portanto, o conhecimento a respeito do tema por profissionais de diferentes especialidades, para de firmar diagnóstico e tratamento precoces.
Resumo Objetivos verificar os fatores relacionados ao nível de utilização de direitos à saúde de usuários com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e 2 e compreender o conhecimento e a utilização de direito à ...saúde desses usuários. Métodos estudo de métodos mistos, do tipo convergente, realizado com 206 participantes entre novembro de 2020 a abril de 2021. A análise dos dados teve como suporte a utilização dos softwares SPSS® e IRAMUTEQ® bem como a adoção das orientações do referencial teórico-metodológico de Bardin. Resultados constatou-se relação entre o escore do nível de utilização de direitos à saúde com renda familiar mensal e cor da pele autorreferida; e verificou-se que, quanto mais vulnerável economicamente uma população, mais se busca pelos direitos, além de ficar evidente a disparidade relacionada aos grupos étnicos e ao acesso aos direitos em saúde. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a combinação entre os dados quantitativos e qualitativos possibilitaram uma visão ampliada sobre o conhecimento e utilização dos direitos à saúde pelos indivíduos com diabetes. Logo, espera-se que os dados obtidos possam contribuir para uma reflexão mais aprofundada sobre a temática, favorecendo uma assistência qualificada, informativa e humanitária como forma de garantia dos direitos à saúde.
Resumen Objetivo verificar los factores relacionados con el nivel de utilización de los derechos a la salud de los usuarios con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y 2 y comprender el conocimiento y la utilización de los derechos a la salud de estos usuarios. Método estudio de métodos mixtos, de tipo convergente, realizado con 206 participantes entre noviembre de 2020 y abril de 2021. El análisis de los datos se apoyó en el uso de los softwares SPSS® e IRAMUTEQ®, así como en la adopción de los referenciales teórico-metodológicos de Bardin. Resultados hubo relación entre el puntaje del nivel de uso de los derechos a la salud con el ingreso familiar mensual y el color de piel autoinformado; y se encontró que cuanto más vulnerable económicamente es una población, mayor es la búsqueda de derechos, además de ser evidente la disparidad relacionada con las etnias y el acceso a los derechos de salud. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica La combinación de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos permitió una visión más amplia sobre el conocimiento y el uso de los derechos a la salud por parte de las personas con diabetes. Por lo tanto, se espera que los datos obtenidos puedan contribuir a una reflexión más profunda sobre el tema, promoviendo una asistencia cualificada, informativa y humanitaria como forma de garantizar los derechos a la salud.
Abstract Objectives to verify the factors related to the level of use of the right to health of users with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and understand the knowledge and the use of rights to health of these users. Methods mixed methods study, convergent type, conducted with 206 participants between November 2020 and April 2021. Data analysis was supported using SPSS® and IRAMUTEQ® software, as well as the adoption of Bardin's theoretical-methodological reference guidelines. Results a relationship was found between the score of the level of use of the right to health with monthly family income and self-reported skin color; and it was verified that the more economically vulnerable a population, the more they seek for rights, besides being evident the disparity related to ethnic groups and access to the right to health. Conclusion and implications for practice the combination of quantitative and qualitative data allowed a broader view of the knowledge and use of the right to health by individuals with diabetes. Thus, it is expected that the data obtained can contribute to a deeper reflection on the subject, favoring a qualified, informative and humanitarian assistance as a way to guarantee the right to health.
Resumo Objetivo estimar a ocorrência de ansiedade em pessoas idosas e sua associação com os diferentes padrões de incapacidade funcional em um município de pequeno porte do estado da Paraíba, Brasil. ...Método estudo transversal e analítico realizado com 233 idosos vinculados à Estratégia Saúde da Família e aleatoriamente selecionados. Os dados foram coletados por meio dos instrumentos World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 e o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica, cuja análise foi subsidiada pela estatística descritiva e bivariada, considerando significância quando p<0,05. Resultados 48,1% dos idosos apresentaram algum nível de ansiedade autorreferida, com níveis significativamente maiores entre as mulheres (média dos postos = 128,11; p = 0,002). Também se constatou associação entre o padrão de ansiedade grave com o padrão de incapacidade grave (p < 0,001). Conclusão a elevada ocorrência de diferentes graus de ansiedade geriátrica e sua associação com a incapacidade funcional grave sinaliza a coexistência entre alterações psicoemocionais e motoras, sugerindo a necessidade de romper a cadeia do subdiagnóstico e fortalecer a implementação de intervenções especializadas no campo da gerontogeriatria.
Abstract Objective to estimate the prevalence of anxiety in older adults and its association with different levels of functional disability in a small town in the state of Paraiba, Brazil. Method a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out of 233 randomly-selected older users of the Family Health Strategy program. Data were collected using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. Results were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistics adopting a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Overall, 48.1% of the participants had some degree of selfreported anxiety, with significantly higher levels among women (mean rank = 128.11; p = 0.002). An association was also found between severe anxiety level and severe disability level (p < 0.001). Conclusion the high prevalence of different degrees of geriatric anxiety and its association with severe functional disability indicates the coexistence of psychoemotional and motor alterations. These findings suggest the need to break the chain of underdiagnosis and strengthen the implementation of specialized interventions in the field of gerontology and geriatrics.
Quantum walks on graphs are ubiquitous in quantum computing finding a myriad of applications. Likewise, random walks on graphs are a fundamental building block for a large number of algorithms with ...diverse applications. While the relationship between quantum and random walks has been recently discussed in specific scenarios, this work establishes a formal equivalence between the processes on arbitrary finite graphs and general conditions for shift and coin operators. It requires empowering random walks with time heterogeneity, where the transition probability of the walker is non-uniform and time dependent. The equivalence is obtained by equating the probability of measuring the quantum walk on a given vertex of the graph and the probability that the random walk is at that same vertex , for all vertices and time steps. The result is given by the construction procedure of a matrix sequence for the random walk that yields the exact same vertex probability distribution sequence of any given quantum walk, including the scenario with multiple interfering walkers. Interestingly, these matrices allow for a different simulation approach for quantum walks where vertex samples respect neighbor locality, and convergence is guaranteed by the law of large numbers, enabling efficient (polynomial) sampling of quantum graph trajectories (paths). Furthermore, the complexity of constructing this sequence of matrices is discussed in the general case.
Resumo Introdução: Atualmente o Brasil mostra um expressivo aumento da sobrevida e consequente elevação do número de idosos na sua população. Do ponto de vista de propostas para a melhoria da ...qualidade de vida deles, a sexualidade deve ser compreendida a partir do princípio holístico, não somente do fator biológico. Nesse cenário, novas reflexões de profissionais da saúde tornam-se indispensáveis para o planejamento de ações específicas, objetivando a atenção integral à saúde do idoso. Relato de experiência: O presente relato de experiência traz o início de um diálogo com acadêmicos de Medicina de uma universidade pública sobre a complexidade da sexualidade e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) em idosos, buscando identificar o conhecimento desses discentes sobre o assunto e idealizar propostas de ação ao público-alvo. Para isso, estruturou-se uma estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem cuja abordagem consistiu na adaptação e aplicação da metodologia do Arco de Maguerez para o debate sobre IST no contexto da saúde pública brasileira, o qual foi realizado com base nas diretrizes do ensino remoto emergencial. Nossos resultados vão de encontro à literatura que visa compreender as representações sociais acerca da sexualidade dos idosos. Neles, verificou-se que as representações sociais acerca da sexualidade na terceira idade assemelham-se à descrição científica, apresentado similitude entre o senso comum e o conhecimento erudito. Discussão: Diante da discrepância descrita na literatura quanto aos conceitos errôneos por parte dos idosos e dos familiares e pelos profissionais de saúde acerca da sexualidade na terceira idade, são imprescindíveis a realização de campanhas e o desenvolvimento de medidas e estratégias preventivas voltadas para idosos, a fim reduzir a incidência de IST nessa comunidade. Para isso, são fundamentais estratégias de educação em saúde no ensino acadêmico e de educação profissional continuada para sedimentar os conhecimentos necessários na idealização de propostas eficazes. Conclusão: A partir da formação médica adequada e por meio da discussão dos aspectos complexos sobre o assunto, serão possíveis a construção, a implementação e a avaliação de políticas públicas de saúde para o enfrentamento das IST, de modo a diminuir as barreiras relacionadas à prevenção de doenças e à promoção de saúde sexual na população idosa.
Abstract Introduction: Brazil is currently reporting a significant increase in survival and consequent rise in its elderly population. From the point of view of proposals to improve their quality of life, sexuality should be understood from a holistic, and not just a biological, perspective. In this scenario, new reflections by health professionals become indispensable for the planning of specific actions aimed at providing comprehensive health care for the elderly. Experience report: This experience report describes the beginning of a dialogue with medical students from a public university about the complexity of sexuality and sexually transmitted infections among the elderly, seeking to identify their knowledge of the subject and devise proposals for action with the target audience. To this end a teaching-learning strategy was structured based on an approach that adapted and applied the Arc of Maguerez methodology to the debate on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the context of Brazilian public health, which was conducted out within the guidelines of emergency remote learning. Our results are in line with the literature that seeks to understand the social representations about sexuality among the elderly. It was found that the social representations about sexuality in the elderly are similar to the scientific description, with similarities between common sense and scholarly knowledge. Discussion: Given the discrepancy described in the literature regarding the misconceptions on the part of the elderly, family members and health professionals about sexuality in old age, it is essential that campaigns be conducted, and preventive measures and strategies developed for the elderly to reduce the incidence of STIs in this community. Hence, health education strategies are needed in academic teaching and continuing professional education to consolidate the knowledge required to devise effective proposals. Conclusions: Based on fit-for-purpose medical education, the discussion of complex aspects about this subject will support the construction, implementation, and evaluation of public health policies to tackle STIs, reducing barriers related to the prevention and promotion of sexual health in the elderly population.
Amphibians secrete a complex array of molecules that shape their interactions with coinhabiting microorganisms and macroscopic predators. Glycans are a rapidly evolving and complex class of ...biomolecules implicated in intrinsic and extrinsic recognition events. Despite the numerous studies aiming at the biochemical characterization of anuran skin secretions, little is known about protein-linked oligosaccharides, their synthesis pathways, and their homing secreted glycoproteins. In the present report, LC-MS/MS was used to investigate the diversity of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides in the skin secretion of two South American frogs, Pithecopus azureus and Boana raniceps. Additionally, the enzymes responsible for glycan synthesis pathways were evaluated based on their skin tissue transcriptome. Our analyses allowed the annotation of various N- and O-glycan structures commonly found in vertebrate proteins. Paucimannosidic glycans were abundant in the skin secretion of both amphibians; however, hybrid and complex N-glycan structures were detected only in B. raniceps. A good correlation between the structures discovered in glycomic analyses and transcripts encoding enzymes necessary for their synthesis was obtained. Some transcripts such as those of MAN1A2, FUT8, and ST6GALNAC were found solely in B. raniceps. Finally, secreted N- and O- linked glycoproteins were predicted from the transcriptomic data, indicating that proteases and protease inhibitors are putative sources of the glycans described herein. Overall, our results show the presence of oligosaccharides in amphibians skin secretions and suggest that their diversity is species-specific, paving the way for novel perspectives involving amphibian evolution and ecology.
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•Protein-linked glycans from the skin secretion of two frogs were characterized.•Differences in the N- and O-glycan compositions were observed between frog species.•Transcripts for the enzymes in glycan synthesis pathways were sequenced from skin.•Good correlation between glycan structures and their synthesis pathways was noted.•Putative glycoproteins harboring N- and O-glycans were predicted from transcriptome.
Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality amongst females in Latin America (LATAM). Cervical cancer is a preventable disease and HPV vaccination is a main key strategy ...towards its elimination. This study analyzes HPV vaccine implementation current status and the main barriers to achieve adequate coverage in the region. Data from the nineteen sovereign states of LATAM (comprised of all Portuguese and Spanish-speaking nations located south of the United States) were collected, including year of HPV vaccine implementation, gender and age targets, the number of doses included in the public program and coverage by dose. Sixteen out of the 19 evaluated countries have already implemented HPV vaccination programs. However, despite its proven efficacy and safety, HPV vaccine uptake in LATAM has been lower than expected. There is an evident decline in adhesion, mainly regarding the second dose. Several reasons are probably involved, of note: limited knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine, misguided safety concerns, high cost, cultural barriers, and the Covid19 pandemic. Proper strategies to overcome these barriers are needed to ensure successful uptake. Effective policies are: adopting the one dose schedule, delivering the vaccine on both health center and schools, and advising health professionals to recommend the vaccine. Further research regarding HPV vaccine hesitancy in Latin America is needed.
•Biofeedback associated with conventional therapy showed a small clinical effect.•Most analysis showed no superiority of biofeedback compared to conventional therapy.•Biofeedback for upper limb ...function rehabilitation post stroke remains uncertain.
Biofeedback has been used by rehabilitation professionals in the treatment of poststroke function impairments.
Investigate the efficacy of any type of biofeedback intervention for the treatment of upper limb function in individuals following stroke.
Systematic review of literature with meta-analysis.
Literature searches were conducted using MESH terms and text words in PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, PEDro, and Web of Science databases. The main outcome was improvement in upper limb's motor function and motor function in activities of daily living. We calculated the Mean Difference and Standardized Mean Difference for the assessment scales reported as primary outcome. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using PEDro scale. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE system.
From 1360 articles identified, 16 were included in the review (09 in the meta-analysis). Three forest plots of hemiparesis and one of hemiplegia showed that biofeedback therapy associated with conventional therapy has a greater improvement in participants upper limb motor function when compared to isolated conventional therapy. Two forest plots of hemiparesis and one of hemiplegia showed no superiority in participants improvement for biofeedback associated with conventional therapy when compared to isolated conventional therapy.
Biofeedback therapy associated with conventional therapy showed a small clinical effect when associated to conventional therapy and very low quality of evidence. Although further research with higher quality evidence is needed.
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) have been functionalized with rutin through three steps (i. reaction step; ii. purification step; iii. drying step) and their physicochemical properties ...investigated with respect to morphological structure, thermal analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and cytotoxicity. The molecular docking suggested the rutin-functionalized MWCNT occurred by hydrogen bonds, which was confirmed by FTIR assays, corroborating the results obtained by thermal analyses. A tubular shape, arranged in a three-dimensional structure, could be observed. Mild cytotoxicity observed in 3T3 fibroblasts suggested a dose–effect relationship after exposure. These findings suggest the formation of aggregates of filamentous structures on the cells favoring the cell penetration.
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