Infeksi Haemonchus contortus atau haemonchosis umumnya terjadi pada ruminansia kecil seperti domba. Haemonchus contortus adalah spesies yang paling patogenik pada ruminansia kecil dan berhabitat di ...abomasum. Hewan yang terinfeksi Haemonchus contortus secara berangsur-angsur akan mengalami anemia karena aktivitas cacing yang menghisap darah. Selain menimbulkan anemia, domba akan mengalami penurunan bobot badan akibat penurunan daya cerna. Infeksi tersebut dapat berjalan secara akut maupun kronis dan dalam kondisi tertentu dapat juga mengakibatkan kematian pada hewan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan perangkat yang efektif dan efisien untuk mengindentifikasi keberadaan telur cacing Haemonchus contortus sebagai alat deteksi cepat telur cacing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat perangkat cerdas berbasis Algoritma YOLOv3 yang mampu mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi telur cacing Haemonchus contortus secara cepat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Algoritma You Only Look Once (YOLO) versi 3 yang merupakan algoritma yang dikembangkan untuk membantu mendeteksi objek secara realtime. Algoritma YOLO dijalankan dalam framework aplikasi anaconda dengan menggunakan pycharm dan aplikasi OPENCV. Identifikasi telur Haemonchus contortus secara otomatis berhasil dilakukan dengan proses tagging pada dataset dan membuat file weight training bagi YOLO. Hasil uji coba menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan smartphone menunjukan bahwa bahwa Algoritma YOLO mampu mengidentifikasi telur Haemonchus contortus dengan nilai confidence lebih dari 90%. Penggunaan perangkat Dino-Lite yang terhubung pada mikroskop cahaya menunjukan algoritma YOLO tidak dapat berjalan karena adanya enkripsi pada perangkat tersebut. Otomatisasi pendeteksian telur Haemonchus contortus dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan Algoritma YOLOv3 yang dibantu dengan hardware berupa laptop dan smartphone android serta memiliki kemampuan identifikasi dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi.
Infrared thermal camera is an alternative and non-invasive method used to identify various physiological and pathological process related to body surface temperature changes. The aim of this ...research was to study the body surface temperature pattern based on the observed regios. Three horses were randomly selected as animal experiments. Thermal image data was collected at 17.00 – 19.00 WIB for five days. Images were retrieved from seven regios: head, thorax, abdomen, and four lower legs. The result of horse A’s surface temperature in five days on head, thorax, abdomen, front left leg, front right leg, rear left leg, and rear right leg regios were 33.42, 33.49, 33.56, 31.30, 31.48, 31. 33.14, 31.34 °C, respectively. The resulf of horse B’s surface tempereture were 33.55, 33.65, 33.64, 31.45, 31.35, 31.53, 31.48 °C, respectively. The resulf of horse C’s surface tempereture were 33.45, 33.55, 33.60, 31.37, 31.45, 31.34, 31.42 °C, respectively. The result showed that difference on horse A’s rear left leg (p<0.05) because of inflamation. Inflamation recovery process on horse A occured on the fifth day, indicated by a drop in temperature and a change in colors on thermal image. Color noises on some images were color difference between objects and poor color saturation. Color noises on thermal images did not affect the results of temperature interpretation.
The purpose of this research was to study the changes in uterine support capability power due to increase of litter size in Kacang goat. In this study, 9 pregnant female Kacang goats were divided ...into 4 different groups based on litter size, namely 1, 2, 3, and 4. At 7 weeks of pregnancy, the experimental Kacang goats were sacrificed to observe the macro and micro parameters of the uterus. The results showed that the litter size had a quadratic relationship with micro parameters of uterus but it had a linear relationship with macro parameters of the uterus. The variables of uterine glands area, glands lumen area, and cytoplasmic area reached maximum condition at the litter size of 2.5. Litter size had a linear relationship with the volume, weight, and dimension of the uterus. It can be concluded that the optimal number of litter size in Kacang goat was two offsprings which was proven by the optimal function of the uterus to support fetal development.
The experiment was conducted to study the activity of ethanol extract of belimbing wuluh (EEBW) as antipyretic. Fever induction was done by using difteri pertusis tetanus (DPT) vaccine ...intramuscularly at a dose of 0.1 mL/100 g BW. Male white rat strain spraque dawley with range of weight by 200 to 300 g was used in this research.Fifteen experimental rats were used to explore the specific time of fever (time of early fever and time of peak fever) which were divided in 2 treatments, i.e. 10 experimental rats with DPT vaccine injection and 5 experimental rats without DPT vaccine injection as control.Fourty experimental rats were used to study effectivity of EEBW as antipyretic which were grouped with factorial randomized design with 4 x 2 and 5 replications. The first factor was various substance administered which consisted of aquadest (control), EEBW 0.88 g/kg BW, EEBW 1.75 g/kg BW, and aspirin 0.004 g/kg BW.The second factor was time of fever detection, i.e. time of early stage fever and time of peak fever. The variable was measured with rectal temperature of the experimental rats by using digital thermometer (correction factor 0.01oC) every 30 minutes. The data were analyzed with t-student dan general linear model (GLM). Increasing of rectal temperature of experimental rats with DPT injection began at 30 minutes post-DPT injection (time of early stage fever) and reached time of peak fever at 210 minutes post-DPT injection. Ethanol extract of belimbing wuluh at dose of 1.75 g/kg BW administered at early fever lowered rectal temperature of the experimental rats compared to the other groups. It was concluded that the administration of EEBW at dose of 1.75 g/kg BW was effective combination in dose and time administration as an antipyretic.
Goats and sheep are small ruminants that are widely used as livestock by the people of Indonesia. One of them is in Petir Village, Dramaga Sub-District, Bogor District. Increasing livestock ...productivity can be achieved by paying attention to aspects of livestock health. Ruminants often get infection by parasitic worms. Treatment of parasitic helminth infections can be carried out by the administration of anthelmintic and supportive treatment with vitamins administration. This activity aims to improve the health of small ruminants by administering anthelmintic to deworming and vitamins to support livestock productivity. This activity begins with the examination of fecal samples from livestock to diagnose parasitic helminth infections. The results of the examination are used as a basis for carrying out treatment in the form of administering deworming and vitamins. The results of the examination of fecal samples were obtained as many as 66.67% found of positive helminth infection and 46.67% positive of oocysts. Common clinical symptoms are found like have diarrhea and have thin bodies. Treatment has been carried in nine farms of sheep and goat in the village. This activity received support from residents, especially sheep and goat farmers. The anthelmintic and vitamin administration to small ruminants has been carried out well and is part of efforts to increase livestock productivity in Bogor District.
•Gonadotropin injection prior to mating improved uterine environment.•Improved uterine environment improved growth phenotypes of offspring.•Lambs with good growth phenotypes have higher ...resilience.•Gonadotropin injection can be used to produce resilience lambs.•This technology can help decontaminate pasture and reduce anthelmintic use.
Haemonchus (H.) contortus infection in sheep is a major health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions that cause great economic losses. Our previous studies have shown that improved uterine environments during pregnancy can improve postnatal growth and health performance of the offspring, indicated by lower mortality and morbidity. In the present experiment, we evaluated the resistance and resilience to H. contortus of lambs born to ewes injected with pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) prior to mating. Improvement of the uterine environment was conducted by increasing endogenous secretion of estrogen and progesterone as pregnancy hormones during pregnancy by injecting the ewes with PMSG prior to mating. A total of 16 lambs, regardless of sex, at the age of 5 months were assigned into a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with 4 replications. The first factor was PMSG injection, consisting of two levels, i.e., lambs born to ewes without PMSG injection (Non-PMSG lambs) and those born to PMSG-injected ewes (PMSG lambs). The second factor was the infection of lambs with H. contortus at the age of 5 months, consisting of two levels, i.e., lambs without infection (Non-infected lambs) and lambs infected with H. contortus (Infected lambs). Non-infected lambs were administered with distilled water in a capsule without infective larvae. Infected lambs were individually infected with a single dose containing 1200 L3 of H. contortus. Compared to non-PMSG lambs, PMSG lambs tended to have better prenatal growth indicated by greater birth weights (P = 0.06). The improved prenatal growth during pregnancy improved the postnatal growth and health performance of the lambs. Three months after infection of H. contortus, non-PMSG lambs and PMSG lambs had similar worm counts. However, the PMSG lambs showed significantly higher resilience to H. contortus as indicated by the lower fecal egg counts 6–10 weeks after infection. The higher resilience of the PMSG lambs was shown by the positive growth rate during infection, while non-PMSG lambs had a negative growth rate after infection. Prior to infection, PMSG lambs showed a higher segmented neutrophil percentage with lower lymphocyte numbers. Three months after infection, PMSG lambs had significantly higher lymphocyte and thrombocyte numbers as well as mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) with lower neutrophil and monocyte numbers. The conclusion of this study is that the improvement of the uterine environment during pregnancy could be used to produce superior offspring with high resilience to the infection of H. contortus.
Pemberian terapi obat pada ternak seringkali diberikan secara kurang tepat. Salah satunya adalah kebiasaan dalam pemberian antelmintik yang diberikan terlalu sering, tidak tepat dosis, dan ...menggunakan satu jenis antelmintik sintetik yang sama dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. Kebiasaan tersebut memunculkan permasalahan baru yaitu mempercepat terjadinya resistansi. Permasalahan ini telah dihadapi secara global sehingga dilakukan banyak penelitian untuk mencari solusi alternatif dalam mencegah terjadinya resistansi. Pemanfaatan tanaman herbal dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menggantikan antelmintik sintetik. Melalui metode meta-analisis, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan keefektifan dari dua jenis antelmintik ini. Metode diawali dengan pengumpulan data studi primer menggunakan database yang terdapat di ScienceDirect, Pubmed, ReasearchGate, Academia.edu, dan CABI pada rentang tahun 2007-2020. Data diseleksi dan dianalisis dengan melihat effect size sebagai indikator perbandingan efektivitas antelmintik sintetik dan antelmintik herbal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antelmintik sintetik lebih efektif dengan effect size -2,90 ± 0,27, sedangkan antelmintik herbal -1,72 ± 0,28. Hal ini dikarenakan senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak herbal memiliki nilai afinitas ikatan yang lebih rendah. Senyawa herbal terbukti efektif sebagai antelmintika namun efeknya tidak sekuat antelmintika sintetik. Faktor metode ekstraksi bahan herbal dan interaksi senyawa herbal dalam campuran tanaman yang berbeda diduga menjadi faktor yang membuat efek kerja bahan herbal tidak sekuat antelmintika sintetik.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengukur prevalensi kecacingan di usus ayam kampung yang ada di pasar tradisional Jakarta dan Kota Bogor. Usus ayam kampung diambil dari 5 pasar ...yang ada di Jakarta (Bendungan Hilir, Palmerah, Pasar Minggu, Pluit, dan Jatinegara) dan di 4 pasar yang ada di Kota Bogor (Anyar, Bogor, Jambu Dua, Gunung Batu). Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 5 sampel di setiap pasar dengan total 45 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 28 dari 45 sampel usus ayam kampung (Gallus domesticus) yang diperiksa di pasar tradisional Jakarta dan Bogor positif mengalami kecacingan. Hasil prevalensi menunjukkan pasar Jakarta sebesar 56% dan pasar Bogor sebesar 70%. Prevalensi berdasarkan jenis-jenis cacing di Pasar Jakarta adalah; Railletina echinobothrida (52%), Heterakis gallinnarum (32%), Railletina tetragona (24%), Hymenolepis carioca (16%), Ascaridia galli (16%), dan Hymenolepis cantaniana (4%). Prevalensi berdasarkan jenis-jenis cacing yang ditemukan di Pasar Bogor adalah Railletina echinobothrida (70%), Railletina tetragona (55%), Heterakis gallinarum (10%), Hymenolepis carioca (30%), Hymenolepis cantaniana (20%), dan Railletina cesticillus (20%).
Infeksi hookworm pada anjing menjadi masalah penting baik ditinjau dari sisi kesehatan hewan maupun sisi kesehatan masyarakat karena seluruh spesies hookworm pada anjing memiliki potensi zoonosis. ...Infeksi hookworm merupakan kejadian endemis di wilayah Asia Tenggara dan prevalensi kejadiannya di Provinsi Jawa Barat mencapai 92.5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur prevalensi infeksi hookworm pasca pemberian anthelmentik pada anjing dan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang memengaruhi kejadiannya. Prevalensi diukur setelah 3 bulan dilakukannya pengobatan kecacingan massal pada anjing di wilayah Kabupaten Sukabumi. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian lintas seksional dengan mengambil 100 sampel feses anjing untuk mengamati keberadaan telur hookworm menggunakan metode flotasi sederhana dan melakukan wawancara kepada pemilik anjing untuk menhidentifikasi faktor risiko. Data penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analitis menggunakan Uji Chi Square dan menghitung odds ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi infeksi hookworm setelah pemberian anthelmentik masih sebesar 21.0% (SK 95%: 14.2– 30.0%). Infeksi pada anjing muda (12%) lebih tinggi dari anjing dewasa (9.0%), anjing berburu (14.0%) lebih tinggi dari anjing penjaga (7.0%), area pegunungan (17.0%) lebih tinggi dari pesisir pantai (4.0%), dan kontak dengan anjing liar (20.4%) lebih tinggi dari tidak ada kontak (2.0%). Faktor yang signifikan memengaruhi kejadian infeksi hookworm adalah topografi wilayah pemeliharaan (X2=4.448, p=0.035) yang mana anjing yang dipelihara di area pegunungan memiliki kemungkinan terinfeksi 3.381 (SK 95% : 1.043–10.960) kali dibandingkan area pesisir pantai. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan anthelmentik masih belum dapat memberantas infeksi hookworm dikarenakan beberapa faktor dan faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh adalah topografi lingkungan pemeliharaan anjing.
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