Introduction: Burns, depending on the degree of severity, induce a significant pathophysiological response in the body. The complement system participates in the body>s defenses as well as in immune ...responses after burn-induced trauma. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to examine how burn severity affects serum C3 and serum C4 complement values; whether burn severity correlates with serum C3 and C4 complement, and establish the predictive value of the serum C3 complement and serum C4 complement for assessing the severity of the burn. Patients and methods: According to the degree of TBSA, patients were classified into three groups: group with %TBSA < 15% (30 patients), group with %TBSA > 15%-25% (30 patients), and group with %TBSA > 25% to 40% (30 patients). According to the depth of burns, patients were classified into two groups partial-thickness burns (39 patients) and full-thickness burns (51 patients). We followed laboratory parameters: value serum C3 complement and serum C4 complement on the first and seventh day after burn trauma. Results: Serum C3 complement was significantly lower in patients with %TBSA > 25%-40% and in the group with %TBSA > 15%-25% compared to patients with %TBSA < 15% on the first and seventh day after burn trauma. Serum C3 complement was significantly lower in patients with %TBSA > 15%-25% compared to patients with %TBSA < 15% on day one and day seven after burn trauma. Serum complement C4 was not significantly different between burn groups on the first and seventh day. Full-thickness burns have significantly lower levels of serum complement C3, compared to partial-thickness burns, on the 1st and 7th day. Full-thickness burns result in a decrease in serum C4 complement compared to partial-thickness burns on the 7th day after burn trauma, but this decrease is not significant. On the 1st day after burn trauma, we found a negative correlation between %TBSA with serum C3 complement. Serum C4 complement was not correlated with %TBSA on the day 1st. Conclusions: %TBSA and depth of burn result in a significant decrease in serum C3 complement but not serum C4 complement. There is a negative correlation of %TBSA and C3 complement but not serum C4 complement on the 1st day after burn trauma. Serum C3 complement is a significant predictor of burn severity. The predictory significance of the C4 complement is not statistically significant.
The aim of this study was to examine how wartime events affected the occurrence of cancer of the thyroid gland. This is a retrospective trial, which included a ten-year period of research. A ...five-year period included a period after the war, the period from 1st January 1998th to 31st December 2002th and the second period of the prewar period, the period from 1st January 1987th until 31st December 1991 st year. The study used data archived histopathological analysis of tissue samples of the thyroid gland of the Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Faculty in Sarajevo. This study showed that in the postwar period there was an increase in morbidity from cancer of the thyroid gland in relation to the pre-war period. After the war there was a change in morbidity compared to the histopathologic type of thyroid cancer. In the prewar period, the most common histopathologic type of cancer is follicular thyroid carcinoma, while in the postwar period papillary carcinoma of the most common. Thyroid cancers in the postwar period more often verified in the older age groups compared to pre-war period. Women are more often suffered from thyroid cancer compared to men in both periods analyzed, but there is an evident increase in men suffering from thyroid cancer in post-war period compared to pre-war period. Survey results indicate a possible role of war to change the morbidity of the thyroid gland carcinoma.
The aim of this study was to examine how wartime events affected the occurrence of cancer of the thyroid gland. This is a retrospective trial, which included a ten-year period of research. A ...five-year period included a period after the war, the period from 1st January 1998th to 31st December 2002th and the second period of the prewar period, the period from 1st January 1987th until 31st December 1991 st year. The study used data archived histopathological analysis of tissue samples of the thyroid gland of the Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Faculty in Sarajevo. This study showed that in the postwar period there was an increase in morbidity from cancer of the thyroid gland in relation to the pre-war period. After the war there was a change in morbidity compared to the histopathologic type of thyroid cancer. In the prewar period, the most common histopathologic type of cancer is follicular thyroid carcinoma, while in the postwar period papillary carcinoma of the most common. Thyroid cancers in the postwar period more often verified in the older age groups compared to pre-war period. Women are more often suffered from thyroid cancer compared to men in both periods analyzed, but there is an evident increase in men suffering from thyroid cancer in post-war period compared to pre-war period. Survey results indicate a possible role of war to change the morbidity of the thyroid gland carcinoma.
Introduction: Burn, depending on the degree of severity and depth, induces significant pathophysiological response of the body. Our study is the prospective study for assessment of T lymphocyte ...immunological changes in patients with burns, with different degrees of %TBSA and depth of burns. Research objectives: Objectives of this study were to assess %CD3+Ly, % CD4+Ly, %CD8+Ly, %CD3+HLA-DR+Ly, %CD4+Ly /CD8+Ly), of burned body with different %TBSA degrees, different depth burns and to establish predictive value of of immune suppression these parameters. Patients and methods: According to %TBSA, patients were classified into three groups: mild burns with TBSA% <15% (30 patients), group of medium burns with%TBSA from 15% -25% (30 patients) and group with%TBSA> 25% to 40% (30 patients). According to the depth of burns, patients were classified into two groups, partial-thickness burns, (39 patients), and full-thickness burns (51 patients). We followed laboratory parameters : % CD3+Ly , % CD3+ CD4+Ly, % CD3+CD8+Ly, % CD3+HLA-DR+Ly, CD4 / CD8 (%) lymphocytes (on day 7th and on day 14th). Results: Percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in severe burns compared to the moderate heavy burns andsignificantly lower compared to the mild burns . Percentage of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in severe burns compared to moderate heavy burns and in relation to mild burns (results on day 14th ); also are lower in moderate severe burn compared to mild burns. On day 14th, the% CD4 / CD8 ratio was not significantly lower in the severe burns versus the moderate burns. On day 14th, the % CD4 / CD8 ratio wassignificantly lower in severe burns compared to mild burns; significantly lower in moderateburns compared to mild burns. % CD3+HLA-DR + cells was significantly lower in severe burn and moderately severe burns compared to the mild burns on day 7th, and also on day 14th . Full- thickness burns have significantly lower %CD3+lymphocytes, %CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes, %CD3+HLA-DR+ lymphocytes, ratio of % CD4/CD8 lymphocytes compared to partial-thickness burns . Conclusions: Peripheral blood T lymphocytes are one of the key indicators of immunosuppression of patients with burns of different % TBSA and different degrees of burn depth. Larger %TBSA and full- thickness burns injected stronger systemic immunosuppresion, compared to smaller %TBSA and partial-thickness burns.
Introduction: Burn, depending on the degree of severity and depth, induces significant pathophysiological response of the body. Our study is the prospective study for assessment of T lymphocyte ...immunological changes in patients with burns, with different degrees of %TBSA and depth of burns. Research objectives: Objectives of this study were to assess %CD3+Ly, %CD4+Ly, %CD8+Ly, %CD3+ HLA-DR+Ly, %CD4+Ly /CD8+Ly), of burned body with different %TBSA degrees, different depth burns and to establish predictive value of immune suppression these parameters. Patients and methods: According to %TBSA, patients were classified into three groups: mild burns with TBSA% < 15% (30 patients), group of medium burns with %TBSA from 15%-25% (30 patients) and group with %TBSA > 25% to 40% (30 patients). According to the depth of burns, patients were classified into two groups, partial-thickness burns, (39 patients), and full-thickness burns (51 patients). We followed laboratory parameters: % CD3+Ly, % CD3+ CD4+Ly, % CD3+CD8+Ly, % CD3+HLA-DR+Ly, CD4 / CD8 (%) lymphocytes (on day 7th and on day 14th). Results: Percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in severe burns compared to the moderate-heavy burns and significantly lower compared to the mild burns. Percentage of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in severe burns compared to moderate-heavy burns and in relation to mild burns (results on day 14th); also are lower in moderate-severe burn compared to mild burns. On day 14th, the% CD4 / CD8 ratio was not significantly lower in the severe burns versus the moderate burns. On day 14th, the % CD4 / CD8 ratio was significantly lower in severe burns compared to mild burns; significantly lower in moderate burns compared to mild burns. % CD3+HLA -DR + cells was significantly lower in severe burn and moderately severe burns compared to the mild burns on day 7th, and also on day 14th. Full-thickness burns have significantly lower %CD3+lymphocytes, %CD3 +CD4+ lymphocytes, %CD3+HLA-DR+ lymphocytes, ratio of % CD4/CD8 lymphocytes compared to partial-thickness burns. Conclusions: Peripheral blood T lymphocytes are one of the key indicators of immunosuppression of patients with burns of different % TBSA and different degrees of burn depth. Larger %TBSA and full-thickness burns injected stronger systemic immunosuppression, compared to smaller %TBSA and partial-thickness burns
Recently, some studies indicate that paraneoplastic syndrome may be the first sign of lung cancer and may serve in early detection of cancer. Namely, during the last ten years, an increasing ...importance is given to hematological paraneoplastic syndrome of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether hemoglobin levels have paraneoplastic nature in patients diagnosed with lung cancer prior to any form of therapy, and to examine its relationships with platelet count. The study included 239 patients with lung cancer who were hospitalized at the Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Sarajevo, during the period from January 2005 to December 2008, and a control group of 60 healthy persons. The study did not include lung cancer patients with evident hemoptysis and patients who were under chemotherapy and/or were undergoing surgery. The results of our study have shown that the average hemoglobin for each histopathological type of lung cancer was significantly lower than the average hemoglobin in control group, except for large cell carcinoma. Lung cancers are classified according to the TNM classification. There were no significant differences in average hemoglobin between different stage of non small cell lung carcinoma as well as in average hemoglobin between limited and extended stage of small cell lung carcinoma. Our results also showed that there was a significant negative correlation between platelet count and hemoglobin levels. On the basis of our results we concluded that low hemoglobin in patients with lung cancer, with no evident hemoptysis, may have the character of paraneoplastic syndrome.
Recently, some studies indicate that paraneoplastic syndrome may be the first sign of lung cancer and may serve in early detection of cancer. Namely, during the last ten years, an increasing ...importance is given to hematological paraneoplastic syndrome of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether hemoglobin levels have paraneoplastic nature in patients diagnosed with lung cancer prior to any form of therapy, and to examine its relationships with platelet count. The study included 239 patients with lung cancer who were hospitalized at the Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Sarajevo, during the period from January 2005 to December 2008, and a control group of 60 healthy persons. The study did not include lung cancer patients with evident hemoptysis and patients who were under chemotherapy and/or were undergoing surgery. The results of our study have shown that the average hemoglobin for each histopathological type of lung cancer was significantly lower than the average hemoglobin in control group, except for large cell carcinoma. Lung cancers are classified according to the TNM classification. There were no significant differences in average hemoglobin between different stage of non small cell lung carcinoma as well as in average hemoglobin between limited and extended stage of small cell lung carcinoma. Our results also showed that there was a significant negative correlation between platelet count and hemoglobin levels. On the basis of our results we concluded that low hemoglobin in patients with lung cancer, with no evident hemoptysis, may have the character of paraneoplastic syndrome.
The ulnar nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve, which making nerve repair more difficult and functional recovery less predictable than pure sensory nerves. Recovery of muscle activity and ...restoration of sensibility are essential for a functional extremity. A nerve graft, if performed in a tensionless manner, has been shown to generally have better results than an end-to-end approximation performed under tension.
In study period from 1993 through 2008, evaluation was performed in 48 patients with adequate follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 3.4 years (range, 24 months to 8.3 years). The average patient age was 32.4 years (range, from 6 to 71 years). There were 37 male patients and 11 female patients.
We analyzed the effect of the age of the patient, level of injury, graft lenght and denervation time on motor and sensory recovery. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results of motor (chi-square = 8.04, p = 0.154) and sensory recovery (chi-square = 7.53, p = 0.184) were not significantly better in patients younger than 25 years compared to the group of patients older than 25 years. The level of the ulnar nerve injury had an impact on the outcome, with better results both sensory (chi-square = 161., p = 0.000) and motor recovery (chi-square = 238., p = 0.000) in patients with distal lesions. The results were significantly better in the group with graft lenght less than 5 cm compared to those longer than 5 cm for both sensory (chi-square = 72.6, p = 0.000) and motor recovery (chi-square = 196., p = 0.000). The functional results were significantly better for both sensory (chi-square 13.4, p = 0.020) and motor recovery (chi-square = 133., p = 0.000) in the group of patients with denervation time shorther than 6 months.
The graft length, level of injury and denervation time significantly influenced the functional outcome in both motor and sensory recovery. Better results were in the patients in which the autograft length was up to 5 cm, in patients who were operated within six months from the injury and in patients with distal lesions.
Injuries of hand extensor tendons occur as isolated or combined injury or multiple tendons injuries associated with injuries of other hand structures. Clinical pictures of these injuries depends on ...the level of occurred injury, and can be expressed in loss of function extension of one or more fingers, wrist and creating contractures.
This is five-year retrospective study of 87 patients operated at Clinic for Plastic and reconstructive surgery, Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo. We studied the efficiency of primary surgical treatment in hand extensor tendons injuries in the prevention of hand dysfunction.
The best recovery results after surgical treatment of hand extensor tendons injury were in zones I, zone II and zone III. But, in zone VII recovery was difficult, and the outcome unpredictable. The most commonly injured zone was zone VI, and in zones of thumb usually violated zone was zone T-III. According to Miller's assessment criteria and recovery functions, after 6 weeks, with excellent finding was 41 (47,1%) and good results 21 (24,0%) of patients, while after 6 months, the excellent results were in 60 (68,9%) and good results in 28,7% of patients, due to well-conducted physical rehabilitation. Only two patient had complications at 6 months after surgery due to very complicated associated injuries of soft tissues and bone structures of the hand.
Results depends in extensivity of injury, anatomic zone, lack of infection, concomitant injuries, skills and operative methods of surgeon.
Studies indicate that inflammatory mechanisms may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). C-reactive protein (CRP), marker and mediator of inflammation, has been ...detected in lesions typical for the affected areas of AD brain. There have been conflicting reports on serum CRP concentration in AD. Scarce data exist on association of CRP and measures of adiposity in AD patients. Thus, we investigated serum CRP concentration in fifteen overweight institutionalized patients with probable AD and fifteen age-matched control subjects. Body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR) were calculated for each subject included in the study. Age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI and WHR did not differ significantly between the two groups. Serum CRP concentration was significantly higher in patients with AD compared to controls (p<0.0001). Although not significant, positive correlations between serum levels of CRP and BMI and WHR were found. Obtained results support the notion that low-grade inflammation is present in patients with AD. Absence of significant association between CRP and measures of total and central adiposity in overweight AD patients needs further investigation and explanation.
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