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This paper describes the European Space Agency (ESA) experiments devoted to study thermodiffusion of fluid mixtures in microgravity environment, where sedimentation and convection do not affect the ...mass flow induced by the Soret effect. First, the experiments performed on binary mixtures in the IVIDIL and GRADFLEX experiments are described. Then, further experiments on ternary mixtures and complex fluids performed in DCMIX and planned to be performed in the context of the NEUF-DIX project are presented. Finally, multi-component mixtures studied in the SCCO project are detailed.
Graphical abstract
Abstract The vertical motion and shrinking of the cold plasma column after a tokamak disruption leads to a natural decrease in the edge safety factor when most of the current is carried by runaway ...electrons (REs). Reaching a low edge safety factor can potentially cause a strong plasma instability. We present magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the termination of a post-disruption plateau-phase RE beam in ITER when the edge safety factor falls close to two. Growth of instabilities is observed to result in stochastization of the magnetic field and a prompt loss of REs. As RE impact must be mitigated in ITER, the effect of parameters that influence the final termination have been assessed. Higher background plasma resistivity is seen to cause larger mode magnitudes and stronger stochastization, leading to less remnant REs after the termination event. Lower ion-densities also project a qualitatively similar behavior although weaker in effect. Using computations from a wall collision model, the ensuing load distribution on the first-wall is also presented.
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