This qualitative study sought to explore the shared risk factors and social norms that may underpin the co-occurrence of intimate partner violence, child maltreatment, and violence against other ...marginalized household members in the home. Data are drawn from participants who completed either in-depth interviews (N = 51 men, N = 52 women participants) or focus groups (N = 22 men, N = 23 women participants) and were living in two distinct humanitarian settings: North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Northern Shan State and Southern Kachin State, Myanmar. Within this overarching objective, attention to these shared drivers for violence in the home, which may arise from people having multiple and interacting social identities, such as disability status, gender, and age, was explored through an inclusion lens and inductive coding approaches. Findings point to risk factors of violence in the home at all levels of the ecological model, which are underpinned at the macro level by gender inequality, armed conflict, and political instability, among other factors. With the community and family levels, gender inequality manifested in norms related to the acceptability of violence, family reputation, and aged and gendered power hierarchies within the home. Shared risk factors of violence at these levels also included displacement/migration-related stressors, inconsistent income, and lack of community resources to support families, especially for those with disabilities. At the most time-proximal level, interactions between role (non)fulfillment, inability of families to meet their basic needs, alcohol and substance abuse, and abusive expressions of anger were found to catalyze instances of violence in the home. The conceptual model also illuminates potential levers and inclusive entry points that prevent violence in the home for diverse women, children, persons with disabilities, and older persons. Key attention to addressing gender inequality and acceptance of violence must be a cornerstone of sustainable programming, alongside complementary approaches that address other shared risk factors.
Objective of the present study is to determine the characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic flow by a rotating disk having variable thickness. At the fluid–solid interface we consider slip velocity. ...The governing nonlinear partial differential equations of the problem are converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Obtained series solutions of velocity are convergent. Impact of embedded parameters on fluid flow and skin friction coefficient is graphically presented. It is observed that axial and radial velocities have an opposite impact on the thickness coefficient of disk. Also surface drag force has a direct relationship with Hartman number.
Knl1 (also known as CASC5, UniProt Q8NG31) is an evolutionarily conserved scaffolding protein that is required for proper kinetochore assembly, spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) function and ...chromosome congression. A number of recent reports have confirmed the prominence of Knl1 in these processes and provided molecular details and structural features that dictate Knl1 functions in higher organisms. Knl1 recruits SAC components to the kinetochore and is the substrate of certain protein kinases and phosphatases, the interplay of which ensures the exquisite regulation of the aforementioned processes. In this Commentary, we discuss the overall domain organization of Knl1 and the roles of this protein as a versatile docking platform. We present emerging roles of the protein interaction motifs present in Knl1, including the RVSF, SILK, MELT and KI motifs, and their role in the recruitment and regulation of the SAC proteins Bub1, BubR1, Bub3 and Aurora B. Finally, we explore how the regions of low structural complexity that characterize Knl1 are implicated in the cooperative interactions that mediate binding partner recognition and scaffolding activity by Knl1.
The aim of this work was to study the composition of aroma volatile compounds (AVCs) of blood orange cv. Moro treated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or methyl salicylate ...(MeSA) by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). GABA at 20 and 40 mM was vacuum infiltrated (at 30 kPa for 8 min), and MeJA or MeSA at 50 and 100 μM (vapour treatments) was applied separately at 20 °C for 18 h. AVCs were measured at harvest and at the end of the experiment (150 days at 3 °C + 2 days at 20 °C, shelf life) for all control and treated fruits. The most abundant compound was limonene, followed by β-myrcene and α-pinene. α-Thujene, camphene, β-pinene, n-decane, α-phellandrene, α-terpinene,
p
-cymene, (E)-β-ocimene, citronellyl acetate and γ-terpinene were affected by treatments after long-term cold storage. The highest and the lowest percentages of limonene were measured in control samples (94.31 ± 1) and fruits treated with 100 μM MeSA (86.68 ± 1), respectively. (E)-Caryophyllene and (E)-ethyl cinnamate were not detected in all samples after 150 days of cold storage. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that β-myrcene, n-decane, linalool, limonene, trans-limonene oxide, ethyl hexanoate and sabinene were positively correlated with chilling injury. Overall, it can be concluded that these compounds can be used as biological markers related to CI based on the multivariate statistical analyses.
MicroRNA-221-3p (miR-221-3p) is associated with both metabolic diseases and cancers. However, its role in terminal adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism are uncharacterized. miR-221-3p or ...its inhibitor was transfected into differentiating or mature human adipocytes. Triglyceride (TG) content and adipogenic gene expression were monitored, global lipidome analysis was carried out, and mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-221-3p were investigated. Finally, cross-talk between miR-221-3p expressing adipocytes and MCF-7 breast carcinoma (BC) cells was studied, and miR-221-3p expression in tumor-proximal adipose biopsies from BC patients analyzed. miR-221-3p overexpression inhibited terminal differentiation of adipocytes, as judged from reduced TG storage and gene expression of the adipogenic markers SCD1, GLUT4, FAS, DGAT1/2, AP2, ATGL and AdipoQ, whereas the miR-221-3p inhibitor increased TG storage. Knockdown of the predicted miR-221-3p target, 14-3-3γ, had similar antiadipogenic effects as miR-221-3p overexpression, indicating it as a potential mediator of mir-221-3p function. Importantly, miR-221-3p overexpression inhibited de novo lipogenesis but increased the concentrations of ceramides and sphingomyelins, while reducing diacylglycerols, concomitant with suppression of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, ATP citrate lyase, and acid ceramidase. miR-221-3p expression was elevated in tumor proximal adipose tissue from patients with invasive BC. Conditioned medium of miR-221-3p overexpressing adipocytes stimulated the invasion and proliferation of BC cells, while medium of the BC cells enhanced miR-221-3p expression in adipocytes. Elevated miR-221-3p impairs adipocyte lipid storage and differentiation, and modifies their ceramide, sphingomyelin, and diacylglycerol content. These alterations are relevant for metabolic diseases but may also affect cancer progression.
•miR-221-3p suppresses adipogenesis, putatively mediated by 14-3-3γ downregulation.•miR-221-3p suppresses de novo lipogenesis in adipocytes.•miR-221-3p alters adipocyte ceramide, sphingomyelin and diacylglycerol content.•miR-221-3p expression is elevated in adipocytes adjacent to breast carcinoma.•Adipocyte miR-221-3p elevation may promote metabolic disease and cancer progression.
Nano-range bioactive colloidal carrier systems are envisaged to overcome the challenges associated with treatments of numerous diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), one of the extensively ...investigated drug delivery systems, not only improve pharmacokinetic parameters, transportation, and chemical stability of encapsulated compounds but also provide efficient targeting and reduce the risk of toxicity. Over the last decades, nature-derived polyphenols, vitamins, antioxidants, dietary supplements, and herbs have received more attention due to their remarkable biological and pharmacological health and medical benefits. However, their poor aqueous solubility, compromised stability, insufficient absorption, and accelerated elimination impede research in the nutraceutical sector. Owing to the possibilities offered by various LNPs, their ability to accommodate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules and the availability of various preparation methods suitable for sensitive molecules, loading natural fragile molecules into LNPs offers a promising solution. The primary objective of this work is to explore the synergy between nature and nanotechnology, encompassing a wide range of research aimed at encapsulating natural therapeutic molecules within LNPs.
Information about the postharvest physiological behavior of blood orange cultivars can provide comprehensive insight into the best period of storage to maintain the highest fruit quality during ...prolonged cold storage. In this paper, changes in nutritional quality, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant enzymes in the juice of four blood orange cultivars ("Moro", "Tarocco", "Sanguinello", and "Sanguine") stored at 2 and 5 °C were studied. Parameters were measured after 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days, plus 2 days at 20 °C for shelf life. Sucrose was the sugar found in higher concentrations and decreased during storage in all cultivars, as did glucose and fructose. Organic acids decreased at both temperatures, with the highest content found in "Sanguinello", especially major (citric acid) and ascorbic acid. Total phenolics content (TPC), total anthocyanins (TAC), and individual cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-(6″-malonylglucoside) increased for all cultivars, with "Sanguinello" having higher concentrations. The antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also higher in "Sanguinello" and increased during storage. Overall, these results together with the sensory analysis suggested that "Sanguinello" would be the best cultivar for prolonged storage. The results of this study could be useful to select the best storage duration and temperature for each cultivar and provide the presence of such a high-value commodity for fresh consumption or juice processing long after the harvest season.
The recent computation-based image processing techniques the granular aggregates for attaining the size histograms could be a versatile and efficient alternative to the conventional sieve analysis ...tests, which demand laboratory equipments. Herein a new percolation-based framework is developed for acquiring such particle size distribution which pertains distinctive advantages relative to the recent techniques. Starting with the local binarization of the given cluster of aggregates, the connected chains have been identified by means of percolation and the internal aggregates have been discerned via minimizing the propagation flux and maximizing the roundness in global and local scales respectively. The method is verified via correlating with the experimental gradation, where the higher accuracy versus the conventional binarization is achieved and justified and the correlation with the corresponding resolution is addressed. The developed framework could be utilized as a fast and versatile method for determining the aggregate size distribution in any given granular medium, particularly those of containing irregular and random geometries pertaining sharp corners.
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•A novel percolation-based image processing framework is developed for the aggregates.•Larger aggregate chains are identified by minimizing the propagation flux.•The single aggregates are extracted via maximizing the circularity of percolation.•The accuracy of the method vs experiment is correlated with the compression factor.•The method is particularly useful for capturing irregular shapes with sharp corners.
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