To describe lung mechanics in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS) associated with acute COVID-19 and MIS-C with respiratory failure.
A concurrent multicenter observational study was ...performed, analyzing clinical variables and pulmonary mechanics of PARDS associated with COVID-19 in 4 Pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Peru. The subgroup analysis included PARDS associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), MIS-PARDS, and PARDS with COVID-19 primary respiratory infection, C-PARDS. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for mortality and lung mechanics was performed.
30 patients were included. The age was 7.5 (4-11) years, 60% were male, and mortality was 23%. 47% corresponded to MIS-PARDS and 53% to C-PARDS groups. C-PARDS had positive RT-PCR in 67% and MIS-PARDS none (p < 0.001). C-PARDS group had more profound hypoxemia (P/F ratio < 100, 86% vs. 38%, p < 0.01) and higher driving-pressure 14(10-22) vs 10(10-12) cmH2O, and lower compliance of the respiratory system (CRS) 0.5 (0.3-0.6) vs 0.7(0.6-0.8) ml/ kg/cmH2O compared with MIS-PARDS (all p < 0.05). The ROC analysis for mortality showed that driving pressure had the best performance AUC 0.91(95%CI0.81-1.00), with the best cut-off point of 15 cmH2O (100% sensitivity and 87% specificity). Mortality in C-PARDS was 38% and 7% in MIS-PARDS (p = 0.09). MV-free days were 12(0-23) in C-PARDS and 23(21-25) in MIS-PARDS (p = 0.02).
Patients with C-PARDS have lung mechanics characteristics similar to classic moderate to severe PARDS. This was not observed in patients with MIS-C. As seen in other studies, a driving pressure ≥ 15 cmH2O was the best discriminator for mortality. These findings may help guide ventilatory management strategies for these two different presentations.
The multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) is infre quent but potentially lethal. There are few reports of this disease and its phenotypes in Latin ...America.OBJECTIVETo describe the characteristics of the clinical phenotypes of MIS-C in hospitalized patients in Lima, Peru.PATIENTS AND METHODA descriptive and retrospective study in patients under 14 years old with a diagnosis of MIS-C at the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (Lima, Perú), from April 2020 to August 2021. Clinical-demographic and microbiological variables were recorded. According to these, patients with MIS-C were classified into the shock phenotype, Kawasaki disease (KD) without shock, and the fever and inflammation phenotype, analyzing their clinical outcomes.RESULTS58 patients were analyzed. 32 (55.2%) presented the shock phenotype, 15 (25.8%) Kawasaki disease (KD) phenotype without shock, and 11 (19%) fever and inflammation phenotype. In the shock phenotype, 17 had KD. The mean age was 7 ± 3.5 years and 67.2% were males. Gastrointes tinal and mucocutaneous manifestations predominated in all phenotypes. The mortality was 3.5%. The frequency of coronary aneurysms was 10.2%. Most patients received immunomodulatory and antiplatelet treatment. Patients with shock phenotype showed greater involvement in inflammatory markers, hematological dysfunction, and myocardial injury, with a higher frequency of respiratory failure and invasive mechanical ventilation.CONCLUSIONSIn our case series, patients with shock phenotype were the most frequent and had worse clinical outcomes. Active surveillance of clinical phenotypes is needed to make an early diagnosis and management to improve the prognosis in these patients.
Introducción: La dermatitis granulomatosa neutrofílica en empalizada es una manifestación cutánea poco frecuente en la infancia que se asocia con patologías autoinmunitarias. La patogénesis exacta de ...esta enfermedad aún se desconoce. Sin embargo, se ha sugerido que el depósito de complejos inmunitarios podría iniciarla. Caso clínico: Se describe el caso de una paciente de 11 años que presentó lesiones polimórficas en las extremidades asociadas a poliartralgias. Fue diagnosticada de lupus eritematoso sistémico y nefritis lúpica. Por las lesiones en la piel, se realizaron estudios histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico (CD68, CD163, mieloperoxidasa), que dieron como resultado dermatitis granulomatosa neutrofílica en empalizada. Debido al compromiso renal, se administró tratamiento con pulsos de metilprednisolona, además de hidroxicloroquina, micofenolato de mofetilo, antihipertensivos y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. La respuesta clínica fue favorable durante el seguimiento. Conclusiones: La dermatitis granulomatosa neutrofílica en empalizada asociada a lupus eritematoso sistémico es inusual. Por ello, es importante su reconocimiento, ya que puede presentarse como manifestación inicial de la enfermedad autoinmunitaria.
El propósito del presente estudio fue describir las características clínicas, serotipos y susceptibilidad antibiótica en pacientes con enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI). Se revisaron las ...historias clínicas de los pacientes con ENI hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima, Perú). Se evaluaron a 29 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 1,9 años (rango intercuartílico 1 a 4 años). El 51,7% eran mujeres y la forma clínica de la ENI más frecuente fue la bacteriemia en 18 (62,1%) pacientes. El 65,5% tenía el esquema de vacunación completo, según el Ministerio de Salud de Perú. El 82,8% del aislamiento del germen fue de sangre. La resistencia antibiótica fue más frecuente a la eritromicina (55,2%), trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (48,3%) y penicilina (24,1%). Los serotipos registrados fueron 6C, 19A, 23A y 24F. Un paciente falleció por meningitis. En conclusión, la ENI fue más frecuente en niñosde uno a cinco años y en la forma clínica de bacteriemia. Se encontraron cinco serotipos reportados en estudios previos con resistencia a penicilina y eritromicina.
Actinomycosis is a rare infectious disease caused by Gram-positive bacteria. The most common species is Actinomyces israelii. Among its forms of presentation, the thoracic is the least frequent.
We ...report two patients with thoracic actinomycosis, 8 and 13 years old, from different geographical areas of Peru. The first case had empyema necessitans and the second, lung consolidation and recurrent hemoptysis. Both had a certain degree of difficulty in their diagnosis but responded favorably to antibiotics and surgical treatment. The diagnosis was based on the histopathological study. However, we were not able to ascertain the species of actinomyces.
Thoracic actinomycosis is rare in children and presents as a parenchymal lesion with possible fistulization to the chest wall. This article is one of the few in the Peruvian literature, constituting a contribution to the knowledge of the disease and its management in pediatrics.
El propósito del presente estudio fue describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas, laboratoriales, tratamiento y seguimiento de pacientes con síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH). Se ...revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con SUH hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (INSN-B) de Lima, Perú. Se incluyeron a 83 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 22 meses. El 71,1% (n=59) registró uso previo de antibióticos. El 86,8% (n=72) tuvieron oligoanuria y el 74,6% (n=62) diarrea.Cinco cultivos fueron positivos (dos Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica). Cuarenta y nueve (59%) requirieron terapia de reemplazo renal. Ningún paciente falleció durante la hospitalización. Al año del seguimiento, siete pacientes presentaron nefropatía pos-SUH. En conclusión, en el INSN-B, la mediana de edad fue similar que años anteriores y hubo una mayor frecuencia de oligoanuria y terapia de reemplazo renal en comparación con reportes previos.
Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare disease. In middle and low-income countries, specific resources are required for its diagnosis due to the lack of diagnostic tests and the ...variable response to plasma exchange, especially in the context of the new SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
We report the case of a 9-year-old male Hispanic patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection, atypical presentation, and multisystem involvement, thrombotic microangiopathy with dermal manifestations, hematologic, renal, and neurologic involvement. The patient was followed up after SARS-CoV-2 infection, the PLASMIC score was applied, and a genetic study was performed. Ventilation and hemodynamic support, corticotherapy, immunoglobulins, plasma exchange, renal replacement therapy, and monoclonal antibodies were given without favorable response.
TTP associated with SARS-CoV-2 in the pediatric population is rare. However, resources for the diagnosis, support, and management of patients with TTP are required to avoid fatal outcomes.
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