Despite their widespread usage in block cipher security, linear and differential cryptanalysis still lack a robust treatment of their success probability, and the success chances of these attacks ...have commonly been estimated in a rather ad hoc fashion. In this paper, we present an analytical calculation of the success probability of linear and differential cryptanalytic attacks. The results apply to an extended sense of the term “success” where the correct key is found not necessarily as the highest-ranking candidate but within a set of high-ranking candidates. Experimental results show that the analysis provides accurate results in most cases, especially in linear cryptanalysis. In cases where the results are less accurate, as in certain cases of differential cryptanalysis, the results are useful to provide approximate estimates of the success probability and the necessary plaintext requirement. The analysis also reveals that the attacked key length in differential cryptanalysis is one of the factors that affect the success probability directly besides the signal-to-noise ratio and the available plaintext amount.
A novel phenylethanoid, ferruginoside D, together with fourteen known compounds were isolated from the Verbascum leiocarpum for the first time. Chemical structures of isolated compounds were ...determined by spectroscopic analysis including HR‐ESI‐MS and NMR spectra. The antioxidant, α‐glucosidase inhibitory properties, and antiproliferative activities against multiple cell lines (A172, C6, HeLa, A2780, SW620, HT29, Beas2B, RPE, and HSF) of the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro. According to the results, iridoids, flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin), and phenylethanoids (poliumoside and isoverbascoside) with strong antiproliferative potential were also found to have cytostatic effects. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that compounds luteolin, poliumoside, verbascoside, isoverbascoside, ferruginoside C, ferruginoside D, and ursolic acid show potent alpha‐glucosidase inhibitory activity, while compounds luteolin, verbascoside, and isoverbascoside exhibit substantial antioxidant activity. The new compound (ferruginoside D) was found moderately active against cancer cell lines, with strong alpha‐glucosidase inhibitory activity, and moderate antioxidant properties.
Melamine–formaldehyde–thiourea (MFT) resin, a chelating resin, was synthesized by reaction with melamine, formaldehyde and thiourea in aqueous solution. This chelating resin was used in the ...separation and recovery of palladium(II) from copper(II) and zinc(II) base metal ions. Effect of initial acidity, adsorption capacities of the metal ions by batch method and adsorption, elution, separation factors and column adsorption capacity of the metal ions by column method were examined. The optimum initial acidity was determined as pH 4. Adsorption capacities of the MFT resin were found as 15.29 mg/g (0.144 mmol/g) for palladium(II), as 1.612 mg/g (0.025 mmol/g) for copper(II) and as 0.453 mg/g (0.007 mmol/g) for zinc(II). In addition the protonation capacity of the resin was found as 0.110 mmol H
+/g. It was concluded that ionic interaction between protonated amines on the resin and chloro-palladate complex (PdCl
4
2−) was very effective as well as chelation. In the column studies, dynamic adsorption capacities were calculated as 1580 μg/g (14.85 μmol/g) for palladium(II), as 250 μg/g (3.93 μmol/g) for copper(II) and as 25 μg/g (0.38 μmol/g) for zinc(II). MFT resin showed higher affinity to palladium(II) ions according to copper(II) and zinc(II) ions. It was seen that palladium(II) can be separated from copper(II) and zinc(II) and concentrated by melamine–formaldehyde–thiourea chelating resin.
Abstract
Herein, Al
2
O
3
nanofiller‐reinforced lithiated Nafion:Aquivion hybrid composite ion‐exchange membranes have been produced by mixing lithiated Nafion and Aquivion ionomers. After the ...electrochemical tests, the Li‐Naf : Li‐Aqu/1 : 2 compound, which offers the best electrochemical performance, was selected. Lithiated hybrid composite membranes were obtained by reinforcing Al
2
O
3
nanofillers at different rates to this composition. The ion exchange capacity, polysulfide transition and solvent uptake of the obtained membranes were investigated and the structural characterizations were applied by tensile test, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and membrane morphology was examined with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). For performing the electrochemical tests, CR2032 half cells were designed. Electrochemical characterizations of the produced membranes were carried out by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge‐discharge tests. The best electrochemical performance was achieved with 868 mAhg
−1
discharge capacity and 63.8 % capacity retention when Li‐Naf : Li‐Aqu/1 : 2 composition was reinforced with 1 % Al
2
O
3
nanofiller. As a result, lithiated hybrid composite ion exchange membranes could prevent the shuttle effect of polysulfides while enabling the passing of Li ions for high‐performance Li−S batteries.
A series of substituted quinolines was screened for their antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antibacterial activities, DNA/protein binding affinity, and anticholinergic properties by using the ...3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity, and microdilution assays, the Wolfe–Shimmer equality method, the Ellman method, and the esterase assay, respectively. The results of the cytotoxic and anticancer activities of the compounds displayed that 6‐bromotetrahydroquinoline (2), 6,8‐dibromotetrahydroquinoline (3), 8‐bromo‐6‐cyanoquinoline (10), 5‐bromo‐6,8‐dimethoxyquinoline (12), the novel N‐nitrated 6,8‐dimethoxyquinoline (13), and 5,7‐dibromo‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (17) showed a significant antiproliferative potency against the A549, HeLa, HT29, Hep3B, and MCF7 cancer cell lines (IC50 = 2–50 μg/ml) and low cytotoxicity (∼7–35%) as the controls, 5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin. The compound–DNA linkages are hyperchromic or hypochromic, causing variations in their spectra. This situation shows that they can be bound to DNA with the groove‐binding mode, with Kb value in the range of 2.0 × 103–2.2 × 105 M–1. Studies on human Gram(+) and Gram(−) pathogenic bacteria showed that the substituted quinolines exhibited selective antimicrobial activities with MIC values of 62.50–250 μg/ml. All tested quinoline derivatives were found to be effective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms (hCA I and II), with Ki values of 46.04–956.82 nM for hCA I, 54.95–976.93 nM for hCA II, and 5.51–155.22 nM for AChE. As a result, the preliminary data showed that substituted quinolines displayed effective pharmacological features. Molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the binding modes and interaction energies for compounds 2–17 with AChE (PDB ID: 4EY6), hCA I (PDB ID: 1BMZ), and hCA II (PDB ID: 2ABE).
A series of substituted quinolines was screened for their antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antibacterial activities, DNA/protein binding affinities, and anticholinergic properties. All tested quinoline derivatives were found to be effective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I/II), displaying effective pharmacological features. Molecular docking studies were performed to investigate their binding modes and interaction energies with AChE and hCA I/II.
Küreselleşme ve dijital dönüşümün etkisiyle gazetecilik alanında önemli değişimler meydana gelmiştir. Yeni medya, gazetecilik için oldukça geniş ve alternatif bir alan oluşturmakla birlikte ...küreselleşme ve kapitalist ekonomi politikalarının da etkisiyle hız odaklı bir haber kültürünün egemenliği altına girmiştir. Böyle bir ortamda yeni medya içinde alternatif gazetecilik uygulamaları önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Yavaş gazetecilik kavramı da bu düşünceyi temsil eden bir yaklaşım olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Yavaş gazetecilik kavramı, yalnızca “hız” unsuruyla ilgili değildir. Temelde reklâm gelirlerine odaklanarak gelişigüzel, sansasyonel ve eksik bilgi içeren habercilik anlayışına eleştirel yaklaşan bir gazetecilik türüdür. Habere konu olan olayın derinlemesine incelenmesini, toplum odaklı haberciliği ve gazetecilik etik ve sorumluluklarını göz önünde bulunduran bir gazeteciliktir. Bu yüzden araştırmacı gazetecilik anlayışı çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi gereken bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmada yavaş gazetecilik uygulamasını benimseyen 8 internet sitesi içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmada yavaş gazetecilik kavramı ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiş, hem teorikte hem de uygulamada nasıl bir yere sahip olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı yavaş gazetecilik mecralarının genel özelliklerini, iktisadî kaynaklarını ve habercilik tarzını ve yeni medyada faaliyet gösteren alternatif bir gazetecilik uygulamasını tanıtarak özelliklerini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktır.
Because of the effects of globalization and digital transformation have occurred in significant changes in journalism. Although the new media has created a very large and alternative area for journalism, it has come under the domination of a speed-focused news culture, with the influence of globalization and capitalist economic policies. In such an environment, alternative journalism practices in the new media have begun to gain importance. The concept of slow journalism has also emerged as an approach that represents this idea. The term “slow journalism” is not just about the “speed” factor. Mainly it is a type of journalism that is critically approaching to the reporting mentality focusing on advertising revenue which is random, sensational and including incomplete information. It is a journalism that considers in-depth analysis of the case, community-focused journalism and journalism ethics and responsibilities. Therefore, it is a concept that must be considered within the framework of investigative journalism. In this study, 8 websites that adopted the application of slow journalism were analyzed with content analysis method. In the study, the concept of slow journalism has been studied in detail, it has been tried to determine how he has a place in both theory and practice. The main purpose of this study is try to reveal its features by introducing the general characteristics of slow journalism examples, economic resources, the concept of journalism and an alternative journalism application operating in the new media.
Molecular structures containing gold, such as auranofin, have been extensively studied in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including cancer treatment. The pharmacological properties of ...the newly synthesized unique gold-ligand structures have been reported for different cancer cell lines. However, findings on bishydeten-metal salt complexes with gold are rare. In this work, the synthesis of five novel cyanide-bridged coordination compounds having the closed formulae Ni(bishydeten)Au(CN)22 (1), Cu(bishydeten)Au(CN)22 (2), Zn(bishydeten)2Au3(CN)4Au2(CN)3 (3), Cd(bishydeten)0,52Au(CN)24.2H2O (4), and Cd(bishydeten)2Au(CN)22 (5) (where bisyhdeten = N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine), and their characterization by elemental, infrared, ESI-MS, X-ray (for 2) and thermic measurement methods were performed. Complexes 1 and 3 are thermally more stable than the other three complexes. For these, pharmacological adequacies were also tested. The nucleic acid and protein binding affinities of the Au (I) compounds were also estimated by spectroscopic and electrophoretic techniques. Au (I) complexes were identified as strong chemotherapeutic with mild cytotoxicity, and they demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition on the growth of cancer cells with IC50 at 0.11 to 0.47 μM. Investigation of mechanisms of action on cells revealed that Au (I) compounds managed to inhibit cell migration and led to a decrease in cytoskeletal proteins such as CK7 and CK20. However, Au (I) compounds failed to inhibit DNA topoisomerase I. Overall, and we suggest that potent antiproliferative activity, mild cytotoxicity, good solubility, and micromolar dosage of Au (I) compounds containing bisyhdeten-metal derivatives render them the potential focus of further studies as chemotherapeutic agents.
•Synthesis of five novel cyanide bridged coordination compounds•One of the highest effectiveness of AuNPs for the inhibition of proliferation of Vero HeLa HT29, and C6 cancer lines•Its proliferative effect by reducing DNA synthesis and apoptosis-inducing cell cycle stages.
Four new dicyanoargentate(I)-based complexes 1-4 were synthesized from certain metal ions with a tetradentate ligand N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -ethylenediamine; N-bishydeten and determined by diverse ...procedures (elemental, thermal, FT-IR, ESI-MS for 1-3 and, magnetic susceptibility and EPR for 1, and 2) including crystal analysis of 4. The crystal method revealed that complex 4 has a sandwich-type like polymeric chemical structure with layers formed by Cd(N-bishydeten)
cations and Ag(CN)
anions. The complexes were further characterized by fluorescence and UV spectroscopy to determine their physicochemical features. The complexes displayed a DNA binding activity within the same range as found for cisplatin, in addition to their strong stability in the presence of the physiological buffer system. The complexes were also investigated for pharmacological properties like interaction with DNA/Bovine serum albumin, anticancer and antibacterial activities. Physicochemical studies of DNA with the complexes suggested that the interaction mode between them are possibly both intercalative and groove binding types. These spectroscopic measurements also show that there may be a binding tendency between BSA and the complexes via hydrogen or Van der Waals bonds. The viability tests demonstrated that all the complexes exhibited antibacterial (1-4) and anticancer effects (2-4) toward ten diverse bacterial strains and three tumor cells (HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma, HeLa cervical cancer, and C6 glioma), respectively.
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