İnşaat sektöründe kullanılan bina yönetmelikleri insan dilinde yazılmış, insan tarafından yorumlanan, insan tarafından uygulanması zorunlu olan ve genellikle yerel yönetimler tarafından kontrolü ...yapılan yasal belgelerdir. Söz konusu belgeler zorunlu olduğu kadar yönetmelik maddesinde yer alan ifadelerin belirsizliği, maddelerin uygulama esnekliği, maddelerdeki tanımların eksikliği vb. gibi özelliklerinden dolayı, kesin ve net olmayan bir dile sahiptirler. Bu karmaşıklığı önlemek için inşaat sektöründe uzman kişiler tarafından hesaplanabilir bina yönetmelik temsili çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmektedir. Uzmanların çabasıyla yönetmelikler birçok farklı, resmi dillere dönüştürülmekte ve mevcut sistemlere entegre edilmektedir. İhtiyaç duyulan her türlü bilgi ve veri, akıl yürütme sayesinde seçip alınarak, çeşitli doğruluk düzeylerinde uygulanmaktadır. Bu uygulamaların yürütüldüğü alanlar, uzun yıllar boyunca otomatik bina yönetmelik uygunluk kontrolü sistemlerinin geliştirildiği bina yönetmelik alan bilgi gösterimlerine yönelik olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, bina yönetmelik alan bilgi gösterimlerinde kullanılan diller ve yöntemler araştırılmıştır. Çalışmalarda kullanılan diller ve yöntemler İnsan Dili, İşaretleme Dilleri, Biçimsel Diller, Semantik Web Dilleri, Yapay Zekâ Yöntemleri ve Hibrit Yöntemler başlıkları altında gruplandırılmış ve detaylı bilgi verilmiştir.
Building regulations are written in human language, are subject to human interpretation and enforcement, and are frequently governed by local governments in the construction sector. These regulations lack clear and unambiguous language because of things like the ambiguity of the terms in the building regulation provisions, the flexibility with which they may be used, and the absence of definitions in the regulation clauses. Computerized building regulation representation studies are carried out by professionals in the construction sector to prevent this complication. Building regulations are being translated into several official languages and incorporated into current systems thanks to the efforts of specialists. The reasoning selects and applies numerous types of facts and information with varying degrees of precision. For many years, there have been several efforts made to improve the building regulations domain knowledge representations. The languages and techniques used in the domain knowledge representations of the building regulations were examined in this study. They were categorized under the following headings: Human Language, Markup Languages, Formal Languages, Semantic Web Languages, Artificial Intelligence Methods, and Hybrid Methods. The study's languages and methods were discussed in great depth.
BIM, inşaat endüstrisinde bina projelerin bilgi alışverişinde en etkili platform olarak kabul edilmektedir ve çeşitli yazılımların geliştirilmesini desteklemektedir. BIM tasarımcı, mimar, mühendis, ...yüklenici, mal sahibi vb. gibi projede yer alan katılımcılar için bina projelerinin bina yönetmeliklerine ve standartlarına göre uygunluğunun otomatik veya yarı otomatik olarak kontrol edilmesini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bina Yönetmelik Uygunluk Kontrolü (Automated Code Compliance Checking, ACCC) sürecinde bina projesine ait veriler iki şekilde temsil edilmektedir. Bunlar BIM modeli ve IFC veya IFCXML veri standardıdır. Bu çalışmada, ACCC sürecinde bina projesine ait verilerin BIM, IFC ve IFCXML gösterimi örnek konut projesi üzerinden anlatılmıştır. Örnek konut projesi bir katı bodrum olmak üzere toplamda 9 kattan, 8 daireden ve 2 asansörden oluşmaktadır.
► The ECAE almost completely changes the microstructure of the as-cast Zn–60Al alloy. ► The ECAE considerably improves fatigue performance of the as-cast Zn–60Al alloy. ► The fatigue properties of ...the ECAE processed Zn–60Al alloy vary with ECAE parameters. ► Basquin's law can be used to express the fatigue behavior of multi-pass ECAE alloy. ► The ECAE significantly changes the nature of the fracture characteristics.
High-cycle fatigue properties, mainly the fatigue strength and fatigue life, of two-phase Zn–60Al alloy subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) via multi-pass equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) using two different routes, route-A and route-BC, were studied. The effect of ECAE processing parameters on the fatigue behavior of the alloy was investigated, and the stress amplitude versus number of cycles to failure (S–N) curves of the alloy were determined in the as-cast and multi-pass ECAE-processed conditions. The results showed that the fatigue performance of the alloy improved significantly through multi-pass ECAE. The fatigue endurance limit of the as-cast alloy reached to 146MPa from 79MPa. On the other hand, the fatigue properties of the ECAE-processed alloy were affected by ECAE parameters, and showed sensitivity to number of cycles and stress levels. Correlation of fatigue data showed that Basquin's law can be used to express the fatigue behavior of the multi-pass ECAE-processed alloy. Also, the ECAE processing changed the nature of fracture characteristics of the as-cast Zn–60Al alloy.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of growth ring number (specimens including 2, 4, and 6 rings from the bark) and growth ring width on elastic constants in the radial direction of ...Populus x canadensis, which has not been revealed before. The longitudinal (2.25 MHz) and transverse (1 MHz) ultrasonic waves were propagated to calculate the longitudinal (VRR) and shear (VRL, VLR, VTR, and VRT) wave velocities and used to determine the elasticity modulus (ER), and shear moduli (GRL and GRT). The average growth ring widths of specimens including 2, 4, and 6 rings were 17.0 mm, 17.8 mm, and 18.2 mm, respectively. According to the results, only VRL steadily increased with increased ring number, while other velocities fluctuated. The same fluctuations were observed for moduli except for GLR, which constantly increased with ring number. The influence of ring number on velocity was statistically significant only for VRL and VRT. However, all moduli were significantly affected by ring number. Linear regression statistics revealed that there were significant relations between the ring width and density, VRL, VLR, VRT, GRL, and GRT.
Many new features have recently been incorporated to ÇEDD Çözüm/Child Metrics, an online and freely accessible scientific toolset. Various auxological assessments can now be made with data of ...children with genetic diseases (Prader Willi syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, and Achondroplasia) and preterm and term newborns. More detailed reports for height, weight, and body mass index data of a given child are now available. Last but not least, office and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure values can be analyzed according to normative data.
Wood is a complex, natural structure and an essential source of nutrition, construction and building materials, energy, etc. Because of its microscopic structure, it is difficult to model its ...composition. In this study, the bio-mimicry of annual rings of the wood was evaluated by modeling and printing four different models with different ring diameters. The CATIA v5 software was used for 3D modeling. The designed models were additively manufactured using a 3D printer via the fused deposition of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament. The infill density and type, shell, layer height, and printing speed were evaluated for their influence on the structure of the ring. According to the results of preliminary biomimetic experimental, none of the models were exactly printed using the FDM method and ABS filament. Furthermore, the printing parameters did not significantly improve ring structure formation. Only the earlywood section of Model 4 could be moderately printed. Therefore, using these tools with printing parameters and materials was not found to be suitable for bio-mimicry of tree rings even if the size of the rings was multiplied by ten. In future work, the same models will be printed using different methods and tools to evaluate the printing ability or differences.
Objective:The aim of the present study was to assess the quality, reliability and educational value of health-related information videos about lateral epicondylitis on YouTube.Method:The study ...conducted a search on YouTube on April 1, 2021 using the search term ‘‘lateral epicondylitis’’. Based on relevance to this keyword, the first 50 videos were recorded for assessment. The videos were assessed by two orthopedic surgeons. Video length in seconds, view counts, number of likes, number of dislikes, video category (animation or not), video content, days since upload, and source of upload (uploader) were recorded. All videos were analyzed for length, view counts, number of likes and source of upload. Quality of the videos was assessed using the global quality score (GQS) (score range: 0-4), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score (0-5), and DISCERN (15-75) score. The data were statistically analyzed according to these scoring systems.Results:Like rate had no significant correlation with GQS, DISCERN, and JAMA scores. There was a significant positive correlation between view rate and GQS scores (p=0.038). View rate had no significant correlation with DISCERN (p=0.453) and JAMA scores (p=0.946). There was a significant positive correlation between video power index and GQS scores (p=0.036). Video power index had no significant correlation with DISCERN (p=0.442) and JAMA scores (p=0.938). According to the source of upload, there was a significant difference in JAMA and DISCERN scores between physicians and non-physicians. GQS did not significantly differ (p=0.15) according to the source of upload.Conclusion:The analysis of the first 50 videos relevant to lateral epicondylitis on YouTube revealed that videos were uploaded mainly by healthcare professionals. Overall, the 50 videos had an average level of adequacy.
Softwoods are the basic and traditional raw materials for medium-density fiberboard production. However, sustainable consumption of wood material in the production of wood-based products requires ...material variety. Therefore, the usability of hardwood species in the production and its effects on the board properties should be of interest. Considering this, the influence of oak utilization percentages (30 %, 50 %, 70 %, and 100 %) on the physical (density, thickness swelling-TS 2 and 24 h) and mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, screw holding resistance, and Janka hardness) properties of medium density fiberboard was evaluated in this study. Boards were factory-made instead of laboratory-made using Quercus petraea (oak), Fagus orientalis (beech), and Pinus sylvester (Scots pine) fibers. According to the results, the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and Janka hardness values were increased when medium-density fiberboard was produced using only oak fiber. On the contrary, thickness swelling, screw-holding resistance, and internal bonding properties were decreased.
Pediatricians need to make many medical calculations during follow-up of both healthy and sick children. This is particularly relevant for pediatric endocrinologists. The World Health Organization ...(WHO) provides different tools for offline use in order to assess various anthropometric variables (1). Calculators for many specialties are available in Up To Date which requires subscription (2). There have also been a number of promising and inspiring attempts in our country to make such calculations using Excel or other programming language, however, they could not be widely used. We have recently launched an online, freely accessible, computerized, user-friendly, and scientific tool set containing a wide array of formulae in order to meet the needs of pediatric endocrinologists: ÇEDD ÇÖZÜM (www. ceddcozum.com). ÇEDD stands for Çocuk Endokrinolojisi ve Diyabet Derneği, the official society of pediatric endocrinologists in Turkey and ÇÖZÜM means solution. TPEDS stands for Turkish Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Society and METRICS denotes the nature of the online tool. For international use, we chose a simpler and memorable name for the website: www.childmetrics.org.
In this study, a STEM activity was designed in which 9th-grade students can complete the task of making incubators by overcoming the difficulties they face in the engineering design process. This ...activity has been handled in the context of energy conversion and prepared based on the engineering design process consisting of 9 stages. The activity was applied to 34 (19 females and 15 males) 9th-grade students studying at a public school in the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. This application took 7 lesson hours (7x40 minutes) in total. At each stage of the engineering design process, students worked like an engineer and scientists by collaboratively conducting scientific research and inquiry. Throughout the process, students were confronted with several difficulties, given the time and opportunity to help them develop STEM literacy. More importantly, the students had the opportunity to experience a STEM activity by putting the steps of the engineering design process into practice.
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