Prunus serotine
oil, was extracted from the seeds without shells, resulting in an oil yield of 23.41 ± 3.62%. Through GC it was shown that 52.38% of the total fatty acids present in the oil were ...polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acids profile presented in the
P. serotine
oil were oleic (41.42%), linoleic (26.97%) and α-eleostearic acid (25.33%). It had a high concentration of total phenols (221 ± 15.85 mg as gallic acid equivalents/kg oil) and flavonoids (0.77 ± 0.01 mg catechin equivalents/kg oil). The antiradical activity was 31.52 ± 2.71% and 12.94 ± 0.67% of radical inhibition for colorimetric methods using ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), respectively. The activity inhibition was 2.3 (ABTS) and 1.8 (DPPH) times higher, respectively, than the ones of
Prunus dulcis
oil
.
Lipid oxidation showed that at day nine,
P. serotine
oil has it maximum hydroperoxide production through two methods (hydroperoxide and MDA). Three oregano fractions were added (code: 642, 655 and A01) as natural antioxidants at four different concentrations (3000, 300, 30 and 3 ppm) each one, to extend its shelf life. Fraction 642 managed to extend its shelf life until day 30 (30 °C ± 2 °C), in both methodologies. The fraction 642 at 3 ppm, controls the production of hydroperoxide formation. Resulting in values of 3.65 µM equivalents of cumene hydroperoxide/kg of oil and 10.29 µM equivalents of 1,1,3,3-Tetraethoxypropane/kg of oil, decreasing by 3.2 times the peroxide formation with respect to
P. serotine
oil without leaving a
Poliomintha longiflora
fraction.
The tepary bean (
Phaseolus acutifolius
Gray) is a US–Mexico frontier native crop, produces high yields in agriculture, and needs to be reconsidered because of its nutritional and functional ...properties. This study aimed to determine the technological and nutritional properties of flours and protein concentrates of tepary bean, besides determining an
in silico
agonist effect of tepary bean lectin to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). We evaluated the technological properties of raw samples (tepary flour and tepary protein concentrate) and cooked samples (tepary flour and tepary protein concentrate). The flours present a significant difference (
p
< 0.05) concerning protein concentrates in water absorption and oil absorption capacity. The raw samples' emulsifying capacity was higher than that reported in the literature for other legumes, but not the cooked samples. The samples' foaming capacity had no significant difference in treatments (
p
> 0.05), and cooked tepary bean protein concentrate presented complete gelation at a lower concentration (2%). Nutritionally, raw samples present a protein percentage of 23.46 ± 0.06 and 71.38 ± 0.44 and cooked samples present a protein percentage of 25.27 ± 0.04 and 62.69 ± 0.14; a chemical score of 72, 86, 82, and 72;
in vitro
protein digestibility (%) = 48.20 ± 0.31, 49.80 ± 0.80, 61.77 ± 1.70, and 63.61 ± 4.19; and C-PER = 0.86, 1.34, 1.93, and 1.81, respectively. All the samples showed methionine + cysteine as the limiting amino acid. All these nutritional data are very similar to the common bean (
Phaseolus vulgaris
). SDS-PAGE preserves the lectin fraction in both protein concentrates. The
in silico
study of tepary lectin (PDB: 6tt9) shows that there were seven peptides that presented values below −120 kcal/mol: PEW, VSVGF, PSQK, TTPW, ATSF, ITY, and TSF, with VSVGF, PSQK, and PEW having the highest affinity for active sites of the PAPRγ receptor (binding energies from −5.32 to −7.04 kcal/mol). These peptides could show antiadipogenic or antidiabetic activity based on the intermolecular bond energies and open an interesting research item.
In this research, developed linseed mucilage (M)-based films loaded with E. cardamom (MCA), C. officinalis (MCO), and co-loaded with both compounds (MCACO) were evaluated. The incorporation of the ...active compounds modified the color (redness–greenness, and yellowness); however, the thickness remained constant in all treatments (0.0042–0.0052 mm). In addition, the solubilization time of the films (in artificial saliva) to release the active compounds fluctuates between 9 and 12 min. Furthermore, the incorporation of bioactive compounds increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS, respectively), mainly in MCA (inhibition of 81.99 and 95.80%, respectively) and MCACO (inhibition of 47.15% and 39.73%, respectively). In addition, the incorporation of these compounds also decreased the hardness (39.50%–70.81%), deformation (49.16%–78.30%), and fracturability (39.58%–82.95%). On the other hand, it did not modify the adhesiveness, except in MCO. Moreover, SEM micrographs showed a more homogeneous structure in the MCO films among the films that contained CA in the formulation (heterogeneous structure with the presence of protuberances). Finally, due to the previously reported pharmacological properties of E. cardamomun and C. officinalis, the films developed in this study could have an application as a wound dressing in dentistry.
The effects of red cactus pear encapsulation using spray drying with soluble fiber were evaluated. Cactus pear juice was mixed with 15, 22.5, or 30% soluble fiber and dried at 160, 180, or 200°C. ...Juice showed high levels of polyphenols, quercetin, kaempferol, isoharmetin, betacyanins, betaxanthins, and a high antioxidant activity. Increased soluble fiber amounts significantly (
p
<0.05) increased the pH, aw, water solubility index (WSI), L*, and
b
* values. Levels of polyphenols and betacyanins decreased significantly (
p
<0.05) as the soluble fiber content and the drying temperature increased, respectively. Encapsulation at 160°C and 22.5% of soluble fiber yielded good physical properties and high bioactive compounds. Microscopic analysis showed spherically shaped capsules, the shape was affected by the concentration of added soluble fiber. Low soluble fiber concentrations were associated with more collapsed capsules. Soluble fiber for encapsulating cactus pear resulted in a powder with good properties that can be used as a food ingredient.
Abstract The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) at different ultrasound power densities (UPDs; 40, 80, and 120 mW/mL) and solid:liquid (S:L) ratio (1:2, 1:3, and 1:6) on the extraction ...of carbohydrates from Agave tequilana plant of different ages were evaluated. Extracts obtained (6- and 7-year-old plant) were analyzed in the yield of carbohydrates (YC), fructan (FRU) content, simple sugars, fructan profile and the average degree of polymerization (DPn). UPD, S:L ratio, and plant age all affected YC, FRU, and DPn. Maximum YC and FRU were obtained from the older agave with UPD and S:L ratio of 120 mW/mL and 1:6, respectively; while glucose, fructose, and sucrose were highly released from the younger plant. Agave of 7-year-old presented the highest DPn. Fructan degradation occurred at high UPD, increasing the simple sugars and decreasing the DPn. Thermal-traditional extraction without sonication caused more fructan degradation; and overall, ultrasound enhanced fructan extraction and minimized fructan damage, representing a technological alternative for fructan extraction from agave.
Abstract Introduction: Pathogenic protozoans, like Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis, represent a major health problem in tropical countries; and polymeric nanoparticles could be used ...to apply plant extracts against those parasites. Objective: To test Curcuma longa ethanolic extract and Berberis vulgaris methanolic extracts, and their main constituents, against two species of protozoans. Methods: We tested the extracts, as well as their main constituents, curcumin (Cur) and berberine (Ber), both non-encapsulated and encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), in vitro. We also determined nanoparticle characteristics by photon correlation spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and hemolytic capacity by hemolysis in healthy erythrocytes. Results: C. longa consisted mainly of tannins, phenols, and flavonoids; and B. vulgaris in alkaloids. Encapsulated particles were more effective (P < 0.001); however, curcumin and berberine nanoparticles were the most effective treatments. CurNPs had IC50 values (µg/mL) of 9.48 and 4.25, against E. histolytica and T. vaginalis, respectively, and BerNPs 0.24 and 0.71. The particle size and encapsulation percentage for CurNPs and BerNPs were 66.5 and 73.4 nm, and 83.59 and 76.48 %, respectively. The NPs were spherical and significantly reduced hemolysis when compared to non-encapsulated extracts. Conclusions: NPs represent a useful and novel bioactive compound delivery system for therapy in diseases caused by protozoans.
Introduction: In tropical and developing countries, pathogenic protozoa are a major public health problem. Objective: The main objective of this study was the evaluation of ethanol extracts of ...Curcuma longa and Berberis vulgaris, as well as their main components curcumin (Cur) and berberine (Ber) in non-encapsulated form and encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) on Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites as well as to evaluate the hemolytic activity. Additionally, we studied the morphology of the NPs, average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation percentages (%EE) of the formulations. Methods: For this purpose, the activity of the encapsulated and non-encapsulated treatments against E. histolytica and T. vaginalis was evaluated by the microassay technique (in-vitro). In addition, the cytotoxic capacity was determined by the hemolysis technique in healthy erythrocytes. The size and morphology of the NPs were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed that C. longa had mainly tannins, phenols and flavonoids, and B. vulgaris alkaloids. The NPs were significantly (P < 0.001) more effective compared to their non-encapsulated counterparts, but CurNPs and BerNPs were the most efficient treatments. CurNPs showed IC50 values (μg/mL) of 9.48 and 4.25, against E. histolytica and T. vaginalis respectively, and BerNPs 0.24 and 0.71. The respective particle sizes and encapsulation percentages for CurNPs and BerNPs were 66.5 and 73.4 nm, 83.59 and 76.48 %, respectively. SEM shows that NPs had a spherical morphology. Finally, we analyzed whether ethanolic extracts and NPs induced hemolytic activity and found that significantly NPs reduced hemolysis compared to the non-encapsulated extracts. Conclusions: Therefore, these findings suggest that the use of NPs represent a valuable and novel source of administration of bioactive compounds for the therapeutic treatment of diseases caused by protozoa of clinical interest since they potentiate the amebicidal and trichomonicidal activity of the administered products without significant hemolytic activity.
The adsorption isotherms of allspice essential oil microencapsulated in biopolymers blend (whey protein concentrate WPC, mesquite gum MG, and maltodextrin DE10 MD) in different proportions ...(WPC17%-MG17%-MD66% w/w and WPC66%-MG17%-MD17% w/w) with wall-to-core material ratios of 4:1 were determined at 25, 35, and 40°C. The isotherms were fitted using the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model and the enthalpies and entropies, both differential and integral, were estimated by the Clausius-Clapeyron method. The minimum integral entropy was considered as the point of maximum stability where strong bonds between the adsorbate and adsorbent occurred, and water would be less available and likely to participate in spoilage reactions. The point of maximum stability was found between 13.79 and 15.11 kg H
2
O/100 kg d.s. (corresponding to water activity, a
W
, of 0.444-0.551) for the microcapsules with WPC17%-MG17%-MD66% w/w as wall material and 18.71-19.63 kg H
2
O/100 kg d.s. (a
W
= 0.591-0.713) for the microcapsules with WPC66%-MG17%-MD17% w/w as wall material in the temperature range studied.
Deficiencies in postharvest technology and the attack of phytopathogens cause horticultural products, such as tomatoes to have a very short shelf life. In addition to the economic damage, this ...can also have negative effects on health and the environment. The objective of this work is to evaluate an active coating of sodium alginate in combination with eugenol-loaded polymeric nanocapsules (AL-NP-EUG) to improve the shelf life of tomato. Using the nanoprecipitation technique, NPs with a size of 171 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.113 and a zeta potential of −2.47 mV were obtained. Using the HS-SPME technique with GC-FID, an encapsulation efficiency percentage of 31.85% was determined for EUG. The shelf-life study showed that the AL-NP-EUG-treated tomatoes maintained firmness longer than those without the coating. In addition, the pathogenicity test showed that tomatoes with AL-NP-EUG showed no signs of damage caused by the phytopathogen Colletotrichum gloesporoides. It was concluded that the formulation of EUG nanoencapsulated and incorporated into the edible coating presents high potential for its application as a natural nanoconservative of fruit and vegetable products such as tomato.
In this research, developed linseed mucilage (M)-based films loaded with E. cardamom (MCA), C. officinalis (MCO), and co-loaded with both compounds (MCACO) were evaluated. The incorporation of the ...active compounds modified the color (redness–greenness, and yellowness); however, the thickness remained constant in all treatments (0.0042–0.0052 mm). In addition, the solubilization time of the films (in artificial saliva) to release the active compounds fluctuates between 9 and 12 min. Furthermore, the incorporation of bioactive compounds increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS, respectively), mainly in MCA (inhibition of 81.99 and 95.80%, respectively) and MCACO (inhibition of 47.15% and 39.73%, respectively). In addition, the incorporation of these compounds also decreased the hardness (39.50%–70.81%), deformation (49.16%–78.30%), and fracturability (39.58%–82.95%). On the other hand, it did not modify the adhesiveness, except in MCO. Moreover, SEM micrographs showed a more homogeneous structure in the MCO films among the films that contained CA in the formulation (heterogeneous structure with the presence of protuberances). Finally, due to the previously reported pharmacological properties of E. cardamomun and C. officinalis, the films developed in this study could have an application as a wound dressing in dentistry.
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