MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression in normal development and disease. miR-9 is overexpressed in several cancer forms, including brain tumours, hepatocellular carcinomas, breast ...cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Here we demonstrated a relevance for miR-9 in HL pathogenesis and identified two new targets Dicer1 and HuR. HL is characterized by a massive infiltration of immune cells and fibroblasts in the tumour, whereas malignant cells represent only 1% of the tumour mass. These infiltrates provide important survival and growth signals to the tumour cells, and several lines of evidence indicate that they are essential for the persistence of HL. We show that inhibition of miR-9 leads to derepression of DICER and HuR, which in turn results in a decrease in cytokine production by HL cells followed by an impaired ability to attract normal inflammatory cells. Finally, inhibition of miR-9 by a systemically delivered antimiR-9 in a xenograft model of HL increases the protein levels of HuR and DICER1 and results in decreased tumour outgrowth, confirming that miR-9 actively participates in HL pathogenesis and points to miR-9 as a potential therapeutic target.
•Ground-glass pulmonary opacities (GGOs) are increasingly encountered in routine clinical practice and an accurate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions is crucial.•The GG component ...detected at HRCT examination is correlated respectively to a lepidic pattern and tumor grading.•The correlation between the percentage of GG at HRCT and tumor behavior is confirmed by the significant difference of GG component according to the tumor grading.•Pure and part-solid GGOs could benefit from less invasive and lung sparing surgery with nodal sampling.•For GGOs a longer follow-up interval could be considered to assess the presence of a second primary tumor instead of the risk of disease recurrence.
Ground-glass pulmonary opacities (GGOs) are increasingly encountered in routine clinical practice and an accurate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions is crucial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between radiological features and the actual biological behavior of these nodules. The secondary endpoint is to identify any radiological predictors able to choose the type of surgical resection and the extent of lymphadenectomy.
This single-center retrospective study included all patients, who underwent high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and surgical resection for GGOs between 2010 and 2020. Histopathological sampling focused on lesion size, histology, growth pattern, amount of lepidic component, percentage of ground-glass (GG), grade of tumor and proliferation index (Ki67).
In 56 patients enrolled, 65 lesions (15 pure GG and 50 part-solid) were resected (44 lobectomies, 9 anatomical segmentectomies, 12 wedge resections). A direct significant correlation was found between: the GG at HRCT and the amount of lepidic component (p < 0.0001; R = 0.305), the tumor grading and the lepidic component at HRCT (p = 0.003), the percentage of GG and the expression of Ki67 (p = 0.016), the lepidic percentage and the expression of Ki67 (p = 0.004; R = 0.223). A total of 609 lymph-nodes were removed (stations N1 and N2) and histopathological analysis was negative for nodal involvement in all cases.
Pure and part-solid GGOs could benefit from less invasive and lung sparing surgery with just nodal sampling. These would reduce surgical complications and guarantee a better quality of life for the patient. The major limitations are the number of patients and the lack of a longer follow-up.
Nanostructured perovskite LaAlO
3
thin films with thickness of 50 nm, 100 nm, and 150 nm were prepared using thermal evaporation technique. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study reveals ...the presence of La–Al–O bond. X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the perovskite LaAlO
3
structure. Scanning electron microscope images show the uniform furry structured rods, mixed rods/cubes and flower structured morphology. The presence of elements like La, Al, and O was confirmed from the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Current–voltage (
I
–
V
) characteristics of Al/LaAlO
3
/Al sandwich capacitor structure show the existence of Poole–Frenkel type conduction mechanism with low leakage current (0.75 × 10
–7
to 1.5 × 10
–7
A/cm
2
), low activation energy (2.59 to 0.21 eV) and decrease in potential barrier with an increase in the electric field. The acquired results indicated that the prepared LaAlO
3
nanothin film could be captivated with utilization as a dielectric layer in various electronic devices in the future.
SUMMARY
The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the pull-out force of a prefabricated fiberglass post (PP), relined fiberglass post (RP), or milled fiberglass post (MP) luted with Multilink ...N (MN), RelyX Unicem 2 (RXU2) or RelyX Ultimate (RU) to enlarged root canals. The thickness of the resin cements and the presence of voids in the resin cement film were observed. The root canals of 90 bovine incisors were enlarged, endodontically treated, and randomly divided into 9 groups (n=10) according to the post type and resin cement. The specimens were scanned using micro-CT to analyze the thickness of the resin cement and the presence of voids. The specimens were submitted to mechanical cyclic loading (500,000 cycles at 50 N load) and subjected to pull-out force testing. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test analyzed the pull-out force and resin cement thickness data. Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests analyzed the void scores. The interaction between factors (post × resin cement) was significant (p=0.0001) for the pull-out force. Higher pull-out forces were obtained for RP and MP compared to PP. The post factor was significant (p=0.0001) for resin cement thickness, which was higher for PP (1054 μm), followed by MP (301 μm) and RP (194 μm). More void formation occurred for PP, being less for RP, differing significantly among the posts. Post customization (RP and MP) decreased resin cement thickness and void formation, favoring a higher pull-out force. Resin cements requiring an adhesive application (MN and RU) favored higher pull-out force than self-adhesive resin cement (RXU2).
Lipomatous hypertrophy is an uncommon benign lesion of the atrium, generally asymptomatic, characterized by unencapsulated accumulation of adipose tissue entrapping cardiomyocytes. This pathology ...generally remains unnoticed and often emerges as an occasional finding. Here, we report two cases from our hospital including a review of the available literature.
Transparent nano composite PVA–TiO2 and PMMA–TiO2 thin films were prepared by an easy and cost effective dip coating method. Al/PVA–TiO2/Al and Al/PMMA–TiO2/Al sandwich structures were prepared to ...study the dielectric behavior. The presence of metal–oxide (Ti–O) bond in the prepared films was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the prepared films were predominantly amorphous in nature. Scanning electron micrographs showed cluster of TiO2 nanoparticles distributed over the film surface and also there were no cracks and pin holes on the surface. The transmittance of the films was above 80% in the visible region and the optical band gap was estimated to be about 3.77eV and 3.78eV respectively for PVA–TiO2 and PMMA–TiO2 films by using Tauc's plot. The determined refractive index (n) values were between 1.6 and 2.3. High value of dielectric constant (ɛ′=24.6 and ɛ′=26.8) was obtained for the prepared composite films. The conduction in the composite films was found to be due to electrons. The observed amorphous structure, good optical properties and dielectric behavior of the prepared nano composite thin films indicated that these films could be used in opto-electronic devices and in thin film transistors.
Abstract ACSL4 is a gene involved in non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation. It encodes for a ubiquitous protein that adds coenzyme A to long-chain fatty acids, with a high substrate preference ...for arachidonic acid. It presents also a brain-specific isoform deriving from an alternative splicing and containing 41 additional N -terminal amino acids. To start to unravelling the link between ACSL4 and mental retardation, we have performed molecular and cell biological studies. By retro-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses we identified a new transcript with a shorter 5′-UTR region. By immunofluorescence microscopy in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons we report that ACSL4 is associated preferentially to endoplasmic reticulum tubules. ACSL4 knockdown by siRNAs in hippocampal neurons indicated that this protein is largely dispensable for these cells' gross architectural features (i.e. axonal and dendritic formation and final length) yet it is required for the presence of normal spines. In fact, reduced levels of ACSL4 led to a significant reduction in dendritic spine density and an alteration in spine/filopodia distribution. The possible mechanisms behind this phenotype are discussed.
The silicon carbide (SiC) and pyrolytic carbon (PyC) thin films, deposited by Chemical Vapor Deposition in a fluidized bed, are used in the manufacture of nuclear fuels of high-temperature gas-cooled ...reactors. The integrity of these coatings ensures the absence of gas-coolant contamination. Therefore, it is important to be able to simulate the thermomechanical behaviour of these layers that involves the exact knowledge of the mechanical characteristics (fracture stress, Young modulus, Poisson's ratio, etc.). The elastic modulus of the SiC and PyC thin films has been evaluated by various techniques, at ambient and hot temperature (until 1600 °C). The studied mechanical tests are the nanoindentation, the acoustic microscopy and the impulse excitation technique. From these tests, the most adapted techniques have been discussed and defined, according to the nature of the layer, the temperature and the method of examination. This work is original because few comparative data exist in the literature for these kinds of layers.
The term pseudolymphoma refers to a heterogeneous group of benign reactive T-cell or B-cell lymphoproliferative processes of diverse causes that simulate lymphoma clinically and histologically but ...usually undergo spontaneous remission. Its pathogenesis is still unclear. The prognosis is good although some evidence suggests that pseudolymphoma may progress to lymphoma. Pseudolymphoma of the urinary tract is extremely rare. We herein report a case of pseudolymphoma of the renal sinus in a 70-year-old man, associated with a high grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and to a prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 6). A brief review of the literature is included. The kidney showed a well-defined, whitish soft mass which involved the renal sinus. Microscopically, the lesion of the renal sinus consisted of a proliferation of small to medium size lymphocytes (CD20 positive and Bcl-2 negative) sometimes arranged in hyperplastic follicular structures. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular studies which showed an oligopolyclonal IgH rearrangement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of pseudolymphoma with a complete molecular characterization ever described in the renal sinus and the first one associated with multiple urogenital carcinomas.
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