Castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds contain ricinine, an alkaloid with insecticidal and insectistatic activities. Elicitation with salicylic acid (SA) has proven to stress R. communis and might ...modify the ricinine concentration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of ricinine in the bagasse of seeds from R. communis elicited with exogenous SA under greenhouse conditions. Plants were grown and divided into five groups, which were sprayed with SA and drench with 50 mL 60 days after sowing with concentrations of SA (0, 100, 300, 600 and 900 µM). Clusters were mixed and separated according to the treatment, and dried. The seeds were ground, the oil was extracted by Soxhlet with hexane, and then the bagasse was extracted with methanol. Ricinine was determined by HPLC. Elicitation did not change the plant height or diameter; the control group had 9.17 µg mL−1 of ricinine; and the concentrations followed a hormesis curve with the peak at 300 µM of SA that had a ricinine concentration of 18.25 µg mL−1. Elicitation with SA might be a cost-effective technique to increase ricinine from R. communis bagasse.
Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (fall armyworm) is a pest native to the Americas that affects a variety of crops. Its control is based on chemical insecticides. However, ...this practice has been associated with changes in the susceptibility of pests to various insecticides. The use of plant products represents an eco-friendly alternative. The objective of this work was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the chloroform extract of Senna crotalarioides (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) to control S. frugiperda. The chloroform extract of S. crotalarioides caused significant larval mortality, and reduced pupal weight and adult emergence. The analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of 22 compounds in the chloroform extract of S. crotalarioides leaves, with the straight-chain aliphatic fatty alcohol 1-octacosanol as the main component. This study revealed that the leaves of S. crotalarioides synthesize long chain alcohols, which increased the mortality of S. frugiperda in its larval stage, including the pupal stage. The extract also caused a decrease in the S. frugiperda pupal weight. The potential use of the chloroform extract obtained from S. crotalarioides and its principal chemical constituent is proposed as a promising alternative to control S. frugiperda.
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), infests more than 80 crop species and is the principal pest of maize (Zea mays L. (Poaceae) in Mexico. Although ...insecticides are used to control the pest, they can cause environmental damage and negatively affect human health. Essential oils are an alternate for managing the insect. The aim of this study was to investigate insecticidal and insectistatic activities of essential oil of salvia (Salvia keerlii Benth, Lamiaceae) against larval and pupal S. frugiperda. The oil at 400, 600, and 1,000 mg liter-1 killed 65, 55, and 85% of larvae, respectively, with estimated LC50 of 590.2 mg liter-1, but did not adversely affect pupae. Insectistatic activity at concentrations of 600 and 1,000 mg liter-1 delayed larval development as many as 13.8 days (compared to a negative check). The main compounds of essential oil of S. keerlii were identified by GC-MS as 2-pentanone,4-hydroxy-4-methyl, caryophyllene oxide, and 1,8-cineole. The 1,8-cineole at concentrations of 600 and 1,000 mg liter-1 killed all S. frugiperda larvae, with an estimated LC50 of 249.4 mg liter-1.
Background: A trauma emergency is any aggression (direct or indirect) external to the body for which no therapeutic delay is allowed at the risk of endangering the patient's life or the functional ...prognosis of his limbs. The objective of this study was to report the results of the management of traumatological emergencies.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study from 11 January 2021, to 11 July 2021. It focused on patients seen for traumatological emergencies in the CHU Ignace Deen Orthopaedics-Traumatology department.
Results: Trauma emergencies constitute 75.2% of admissions to the emergency department. The average age of the patients was 32.2 years, with extremes of 1 and 91 years. There was a predominance of 76.3% males with a ratio (M/F) of 3.2. Road traffic accidents were the most found aetiology in 82.9%, and motorcycles were involved in 68.7%. Limb fractures were found in 34.7%. The treatment time was ≤6 hours in 67.5%, and 203 patients received drug treatment, i.e., 49.7%.
Conclusions: Trauma emergencies constitute, by their frequency and seriousness, a real public health problem in Africa in general and in Guinea in particular.
Bioactivity of 1-octacosanol from Senna crotalarioides Zavala-Sanchez, Miguel Angel; Rodriguez-Chavezr, Jose Luis; Figueroa-Brito, Rodolfo ...
The Florida entomologist,
12/2019, Letnik:
102, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (fall armyworm) Is a pest native to the Americas that affects a variety of crops. Its control is based on chemical insecticides. However, ...this practice has been associated with changes in the susceptibility of pests to various Insecticides. The use of plant products represents an eco-friendly alternative. The objective of this work was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the chloroform extract of Senna crotalarioides (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) to control S. frugiperda. The chloroform extract of S. crotalarioides caused significant larval mortality, and reduced pupal weight and adult emergence. The analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of 22 compounds in the chloroform extract of S. crotalarioides leaves, with the straight-chain aliphatic fatty alcohol 1-octacosanol as the main component. This study revealed that the leaves of S. crotalarioides synthesize long chain alcohols, which increased the mortality of S. frugiperda In Its larval stage, Including the pupal stage. The extract also caused a decrease in the S. frugiperda pupal weight. The potential use of the chloroform extract obtained from S. crotalarioides and Its principal chemical constituent is proposed as a promising alternative to control S. frugiperda.
Ballistic Trauma of Limbs Lamah, Léopold; Keita, Damany; Marie Camara, Ibrahima ...
The open orthopaedics journal,
03/2017, Letnik:
11, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The objective of our study was to report the management and follow-up of a particular case of ballistic trauma and to do the literature review.
A 35-year-old patient, a trader who was the victim of a ...firearm accident under not very clear circumstances. He was admitted to the emergency department after 3 hours. Clinically, the patient had significant bleeding in the arm and was in a state of clouding of consciousness. We could notice on the right arm, a posterior large transfixing wound of 1 cm and a 6 cm one on the antero-internal side. The limb was cold with a small and thready pulse. Sensitivity was decreased in the radial nerve area. The radiograph showed bone comminution from the middle 1/3 to the superior 1/3 of the humeral diaphysis. The treatment was orthopedic (after debridement) by scapula-brachio-ante-brachiopalmar plaster splint with thoracic strap. The wound healed in 46 days and the patient resumed his activities after 11 months and 2 weeks.
The authors presented the value of using the scapulo-brachio-palmar plaster splints with thoracic strap in some severe upper limb trauma in the absence of the external fixator.
Ballistic Trauma of Limbs Lamah, Léopold; Keita, Damany; Marie Camara, Ibrahima ...
The open orthopaedics journal,
01/2017, Letnik:
11
Report
The objective of our study was to report the management and follow-up of a particular case of ballistic trauma and to do the literature review. OBSERVATIONA 35-year-old patient, a trader who was the ...victim of a firearm accident under not very clear circumstances. He was admitted to the emergency department after 3 hours. Clinically, the patient had significant bleeding in the arm and was in a state of clouding of consciousness. We could notice on the right arm, a posterior large transfixing wound of 1 cm and a 6 cm one on the antero-internal side. The limb was cold with a small and thready pulse. Sensitivity was decreased in the radial nerve area. The radiograph showed bone comminution from the middle 1/3 to the superior 1/3 of the humeral diaphysis. The treatment was orthopedic (after debridement) by scapula-brachio-ante-brachiopalmar plaster splint with thoracic strap. The wound healed in 46 days and the patient resumed his activities after 11 months and 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONThe authors presented the value of using the scapulo-brachio-palmar plaster splints with thoracic strap in some severe upper limb trauma in the absence of the external fixator.
PDF
