The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of the five mono-cultivar (Frantoio, Leccino, Picholine, Coratina and Ezhi-8) virgin olive oils (Mc-VOOs) produced in Longnan (China) from 2013 to ...2017 through analysing the organoleptic quality, physicochemical properties, phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition. The leading principal components for assessing the quality of Mc-VOOs were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that the five Mc-VOOs showed obvious differences (p < 0.05) in flavour and substance composition with the variation of cultivar and production year; however, the same cultivar of VOO displayed certain homogeneity in five consecutive years of assessment. The five Mc-VOOs were rich in phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid. The quality of VOO was mainly determined by the genetic characteristics of olive cultivar, meanwhile, fruit maturity, soil and climate factors also affected its quality. The content of phenolic compound, DPPH· scavenging rate, proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and iodine value of Coratina were the highest, on the contrary, Ezhi-8 was the lowest in general. The results of PCA showed that the five leading principal components to evaluate the quality of Mc-VOOs were oleic acid, linoleic acid, acid value, total phenol and trace components (such as C20:1 and squalene) successively. In conclusion, the five McVOOs from Longnan show excellent quality and have certain uniformity in different production years.
Ralstonia solanacearum causes serious wilt disease in tobacco. To effectively control this disease, the antibacterial activity of 95% ethanol extracts from the flower buds of Syringa oblata was ...examined. Based on GC–MS analysis and an inhibition experiment against R. solanacearum, the main antibacterial component is eugenol. We further determined the effect of eugenol on the physiology, biochemistry, and cellular morphology of R. solanacearum. The results showed that eugenol can destroy wilt bacteria, leading to the disappearance of flagella, the leakage of contents, and the appearance of a cavity. SDS-PAGE showed that eugenol decreased protein content in R. solanacearum, reduced medium carbohydrate utilization, and inhibited CAT and SDH activity. The above results showed that eugenol had a significant inhibitory effect on R. solanacearum and this component has the potential to prevent tobacco bacterial wilt.
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•Eugenol is the main antibacterial component of 95% ethanol extracts from the flower buds of Syringa oblata.•Eugenol can destroy morphology of Ralstonia solanacearum.•Protein content, medium carbohydrate utilization and CAT and SDH activity were inhibited by eugenol.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of the five mono-cultivar (Frantoio, Leccino, Picholine, Coratina and Ezhi-8) virgin olive oils (Mc-VOOs) produced in Longnan (China) from 2013 to ...2017 through analysing the organoleptic quality, physicochemical properties, phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition. The leading principal components for assessing the quality of Mc-VOOs were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that the five Mc-VOOs showed obvious differences (p < 0.05) in flavour and substance composition with the variation of cultivar and production year; however, the same cultivar of VOO displayed certain homogeneity in five consecutive years of assessment. The five Mc-VOOs were rich in phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid. The quality of VOO was mainly determined by the genetic characteristics of olive cultivar, meanwhile, fruit maturity, soil and climate factors also affected its quality. The content of phenolic compound, DPPH· scavenging rate, proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and iodine value of Coratina were the highest, on the contrary, Ezhi-8 was the lowest in general. The results of PCA showed that the five leading principal components to evaluate the quality of Mc-VOOs were oleic acid, linoleic acid, acid value, total phenol and trace components (such as C20:1 and squalene) successively. In conclusion, the five Mc-VOOs from Longnan show excellent quality and have certain uniformity in different production years.
Pediatric-onset colitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significant effects on the growth of infants and children, but the etiopathogenesis underlying disease subtypes remains incompletely ...understood. Here, we report single-cell clustering, immune phenotyping, and risk gene analysis for children with undifferentiated colitis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. We demonstrate disease-specific characteristics, as well as common pathogenesis marked by impaired cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response signaling. Specifically, infiltration of PDE4B- and TNF-expressing macrophages, decreased abundance of CD39-expressing intraepithelial T cells, and platelet aggregation and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine at the colonic mucosae were common in colitis and IBD patients. Targeting these pathways by using the phosphodiesterase inhibitor dipyridamole restored immune homeostasis and improved colitis symptoms in a pilot study. In summary, comprehensive analysis of the colonic mucosae has uncovered common pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for children with colitis and IBD.
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•Defective cAMP response underlies mucosal immune defects in pediatric colitis or IBD•Platelets are activated at colonic mucosae in pediatric colitis or IBD•Dipyridamole promoted mucosal healing in nine children with colitis in a pilot study•Candidate risk genes are differentially enriched in mucosal cellular subsets
Single-cell and risk gene analysis of children with undifferentiated colitis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis identifies common underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and reveals the potential therapeutic benefit of modulating cAMP signaling via the drug dipyridamole.
The long-term consumption of heavy metal-rich rice can cause serious harm to human health. However, the existing health risk assessment (HRA) can only be performed after the rice has been harvested, ...and this approach belongs to a passive and lagging pattern. This study is the first to explore the feasibility of health risk (HR) prediction by proposing the indirect model CNNHR-IND and the direct model CNNHR-DIR based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) technology. The dataset included 390 pairs of soil-rice samples collected from You County, China, with 17 environmental covariates. The R2 values for CNNHR-IND for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were 0.578 and 0.554, respectively, and those for CNNHR-DIR were 0.647 and 0.574, respectively. The results demonstrated that both models performed well, especially CNNHR-DIR had a higher estimation accuracy. The spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that CNNHR-DIR exerted no systematic bias in the prediction results for health risks, confirming the rationality of the CNNHR-DIR model. The sensitivity analysis further confirmed the generalizability and robustness of CNNHR-DIR. This study proved the feasibility of HR prediction and the potential of CNN technology in HRA, and is significant regarding early risk warnings of rice planting and the sustainable development of public health.
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•Health risk prediction models CNNHR-IND and CNNHR-DIR were first proposed using convolutional neural networks.•CNNHR-DIR is simpler, faster, and has better predictive capabilities.•Health risk prediction models are conducive to pollution monitoring and risk early warning.
We prepared peapod-like titanium dioxide@graphene@carbon (TiO2@GO@C) nanofiber membranes through electrospinning. Due to the porous structure, large surface area, abundant surface functional groups ...and excellent thermal conductivity, GO can capsulize TiO2 nanoparticles to form a pea-like TiO2@GO structure. Subsequently, TiO2@GO can be wrapped by the carbon nanofiber during an electrospinning process, forming peapod-like TiO2@GO@C nanofiber membranes. The existence of a peapod-like structure is beneficial for enhancing the crystallinity of TiO2, and preventing the phase transformation of TiO2 from anatase to rutile phase at the same time. Furthermore, on the basis of the excellent carrier transport property of GO, the peapod-like TiO2@GO@C structure could also improve the light absorption, reduce recombination of hole–electron pairs, and improve the carrier transport and finally photocatalytic degradation property of methylene blue. Besides, the pea-like TiO2@GO structure shows a dispersion strengthening effect in the carbon nanofibers, preventing the carbon nanofibers from fracture. In particular, by optimizing the heat treatment temperature and additional amount of GO, the peapod-like TiO2@GO@C nanofiber membranes with 0.3 wt% GO show an excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 98.5% in 3 h, and a high strength of 356.07 cN per dtex.
In the critical situation of energy shortage and environmental problems, Si has been regarded as one of the most potential anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries as a result of the ...relatively low delithiation potential and the eminent specific capacity. However, a Si anode is subjected to the huge volume expansion–contraction in the charging–discharging process, which can touch off pulverization of the bulk particles and worsens the cycle life. Herein, to reduce the volume change and improve the electrochemical performance, a novel Si@SiO
x
/C anode with a core–shell structure is designed by spray and pyrolysis methods. The SiO
x
/C shell not only ensures the structure stability and proves the high electrical conductivity but also prevents the penetration of electrolytes, so as to avoid the repetitive decomposition of electrolytes on the surface of Si particle. As expected, Si@SiO
x
/C anode maintains the excellent discharge capacity of 1,333 mAh g
−1
after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g
−1
. Even if the current density reaches up to 2,000 mA g
−1
, the capacity can still be maintained at 1,173 mAh g
−1
. This work paves an effective way to develop Si-based anodes for high-energy density lithium-ion batteries.
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