U konstruiranju slike svijeta uporabom jezičnih konstrukata čovjek nerijetko (ne)opravdano pojednostavljuje i generalizira sheme koje ne odgovaraju stvarnim činjenicama (Bertoša 1999: 65). ...Čovjekova percepcija životinja i životinjskog stoga je često polarizirana; životinje su u govornikovoj svijesti pozitivne ili negativne, korisne ili nekorisne, pametne ili glupe. Čovjekova antropocentrična i specistička slika svijeta ogleda se u zloupotrebljavanju jezika uporabom jezičnih konstrukata koji se referiraju na životinje i životinjsko. U radu će se semantički opisati specizmi u hrvatskom jeziku u kojima je potvrđen istovjetan lingvistički i sociolingvistički obrazac: pučističkim rječnikom, tj. uporabom jezičnih konstrukata koji se referiraju na životinje i životinjsko, čovjek dopušta da interesi njegove vlastite vrste prevladavaju nad interesima pripadnika drugih vrsta. U radu se navode moguća nespecistička definiranja značenja riječi za biološke funkcije začeća, trudnoće, rađanja, smrti i mrtva tijela u izrazima koji se odnose na čovjeka i životinju.
In constructing an image of the world using linguistic constructs, people often (in)justifiably simplify and generalize schemes that do not correspond with facts (Bertoša 1999: 65). Human perception of animals and animalistic characteristics is therefore often highly polarized – animals are either helpful or useless, good or evil, and intelligent or stupid. The human abuse of language in speech expressions that refer to animals and animalistic references reflects an anthropocentric image of the world, i.e., an image characteristic of speciesism. The paper will semantically describe speciesism in the Croatian language, in which the same linguistic and sociolinguistic pattern has been confirmed: in a speciesist vocabulary, i.e., by using speech expressions that refer to animals and animalistic, humans allow the interests of their own species to prevail over the interests of members of other species. The paper lists possible non- speciesist definitions of the meaning of words for the biological functions of conception, pregnancy, birth, death, and dead bodies in expressions related to humans and animals.
Među mnogobrojnim primjerima čovjekove specističke pristranosti prema pripadnicima vlastite vrste, predrasudama i zanemarivanjima pripadnika članova drugih vrsta, u radu se držanje životinja u ...zatočeništvima zooloških vrtova najprije razmatra kao primjer specističke djelatnosti. Zatim, opisuju se zakonsko-pravni okviri pružanja zaštite životinja, s posebnim osvrtom na prekršajne i kaznene prijave glede zanemarivanja i/ili zlostavljanja životinja te njihova eutanaziranja u zoo-vrtovima. Iako je osnivanje i rad zooloških vrtova zakonski regulirano, kao i zaštita životinja u njima, u radu je pomnim iščitavanjem zakonskih regulativa potvrđena Viskovićeva misao da ni u najbogatijim društvima nema »zbiljske moralne i pravne discipline u držanju i izlaganju zatočene faune«. Zbog toga se u radu specistička uvjerenja o opravdanosti postojanja zooloških vrtova preispituju moralno-etički. Na tom će se tragu specizam ogledati i u zlonamjernim jezičnim konstruktima potvrđenim u semantičkom polju zoološki vrt u hrvatskome jeziku.
There are many examples of human speciesism prejudice toward their specie and neglect toward members of other species. This article will consider one example of speciesism, the keeping of animals in captivity in ZOOs. Legal norms concerning animal protection in ZOOs are described, emphasising criminal and misdemeanour charges brought up for animal negligence and/or animal torture and their euthanasia. Although the ZOO establishment and functioning, as well as animal protection within ZOO, is legally prescribed, the article affirmed Visković’s thought that not even in the most prosperous societies “there is no real moral or legal discipline in keeping and exhibiting captive fauna”. Speciesism believes justifying ZOO existence will be morally and ethically reexamined. Speciesism could be found in malicious language constructions affirmed in semantical field zoological garden in the Croatian language.
Abstract
The paper will present the journal/magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals
Živobran
(1894–1904) and explore its contribution to the development of social awareness ...on natural, cultural and ethical values of animal species with special reference to their educational role in the promotion of animal rights among the Croatian school population at the turn of the 20
th
century. Namely, by carrying out the cooperation with school institutions, the magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals directly affected the formation of students’ thinking, standpoints and relations toward the animal world. The research corpus encompasses texts published in the journal/magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals
Živobran
in the period from 1894 to 1904. The paper is a contribution to the research of Croatian cultural zoology and literary ecology.
The paper will present the journal/magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals
(1894–1904) and explore its contribution to the development of social awareness on natural, ...cultural and ethical values of animal species with special reference to their educational role in the promotion of animal rights among the Croatian school population at the turn of the 20
century. Namely, by carrying out the cooperation with school institutions, the magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals directly affected the formation of students’ thinking, standpoints and relations toward the animal world. The research corpus encompasses texts published in the journal/magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals
in the period from 1894 to 1904. The paper is a contribution to the research of Croatian cultural zoology and literary ecology.
There are many examples of human speciesism prejudice toward their specie and neglect toward members of other species. This article will consider one example of speciesism, the keeping of animals in ...captivity in ZOOs. Legal norms concerning animal protection in ZOOs are described, emphasising criminal and misdemeanour charges brought up for animal negligence and/or animal torture and their euthanasia. Although the ZOO establishment and functioning, as well as animal protection within ZOO, is legally prescribed, the article affirmed Visković’s thought that not even in the most prosperous societies “there is no real moral or legal discipline in keeping and exhibiting captive fauna”. Speciesism believes justifying ZOO existence will be morally and ethically reexamined. Speciesism could be found in malicious language constructions affirmed in semantical field zoological garden in the Croatian language.
The paper will present the journal/magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals Živobran (1894–1904) and explore its contribution to the development of social awareness on ...natural, cultural and ethical values of animal species with special reference to their educational role in the promotion of animal rights among the Croatian school population at the turn of the 20th century. Namely, by carrying out the cooperation with school institutions, the magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals directly affected the formation of students’ thinking, standpoints and relations toward the animal world. The research corpus encompasses texts published in the journal/magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals Živobran in the period from 1894 to 1904. The paper is a contribution to the research of Croatian cultural zoology and literary ecology.
Sporazumijevanje među ljudima podrazumijeva apstraktnu, simboličku uporabu jezika. Iako se ljudi biološki rađaju s predispozicijom za govorenje, ona ipak ne jamči da će čovjek tijekom života biti ...uspješan govornik. Da bi govornik bio uspješan u svom javnom nastupu, ponajprije je važno ovladati stidom i strahom te se govornički školovati. Cilj je provedenog istraživanja bio saznati stavove studenata sveučilišnog diplomskog studija ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja te odgojitelja s radnim iskustvom o pojavnim oblicima i uzorcima stida i straha u službenim komunikacijskim situacijama te potrebi uvođenja govorništva (retorike) u hrvatski obrazovni sustav. Istraživanje je provedeno u svibnju 2022. godine i u njemu je sudjelovalo 63 ispitanika (28 studenata i 35 odgojitelja). Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da većina ispitanika ne osjeća stid i strah pri javnom nastupu. Osobama koje osjećaju neki oblik treme pred javni nastup ispitanici pripisuju nedostatno govorničko iskustvo te izloženost vertikalnoj hijerarhijskoj komunikaciji obilježenoj autoritativnom atmosferom. Većina ispitanika smatra da tijekom formalnog obrazovanja nije dovoljno pripremljena za javno govorenje te da je retoriku potrebno implementirati u hrvatske obrazovne programe.
Communication between people implies an abstract, symbolic use of language. Although people are born biologically with a predisposition to speaking, it does not guarantee that a person will be a successful speaker throughout life. For a speaker to be successful in their public performance, first of all, it is essential to overcome shame and fear and be educated in public speaking. The aim of the conducted research was to find out the attitudes of university graduate students of early and preschool education and educators with work experience towards the forms and patterns of shame and fear in official communication situations and the need to introduce oratory (rhetoric) into the Croatian education system. The research was conducted in May 2022 and included 63 respondents (28 students and 35 teachers). The research found that the majority of respondents do not feel shame and fear when speaking in public. To people who feel some form of stage fright before public speaking, the respondents attribute insufficient public speaking experience and exposure to vertical hierarchical communication characterized by an authoritative atmosphere. Most respondents believe that during formal education, they are insufficiently prepared for public speaking and that rhetoric needs to be implemented into Croatian educational programmes.
Language is an essential part of a nation's identity. Language, especially its lexis, reflects social and historical changes that a nation goes through. It means that lexis development takes place ...simultaneously with social changes that occur over time. The second half of the twentieth century in Yugoslav philology is characterised by Serbo-Croatism, i.e. the intention to merge two languages into one. The political parlance became a part of widely used public language and permeated school textbooks as well. The paper analyses ideologically determined lexis in the textbooks for young learners that were used in schools in the nineteen-eighties. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was applied in order to obtain the answers to the following questions: Do texts in the analysed textbooks promote the values of the political regime in Yugoslavia?, Do they contain the lexis of political discourse, the so called ideologisms?, Is it possible to illustrate the transformation of ideological literary contents through visual arts? Textbook, as an important teaching aid when it comes to the development of pupils’ literary skills, can help promote political values of the ruling regime, in this case the values of the Yugoslav communist regime.
The literature textbook is a chrestomathy of literary art texts designed and structured for school literature teaching. The fundamental purpose of each textbook is to acquire knowledge. Hence, the ...literature textbook also has its educational purpose: acquiring knowledge about literature. Questions and tasks are structural textbook elements. Nemeth-Jajić (2007) points out that the textbook suggests an approach to learning and teaching by being more represented by certain types of questions and tasks. The theoretical part of the paper will provide an overview of psychology, pedagogical, didactic and methodical literature that starts from different taxonomies and question type classifications in learning and teaching. The research part of the paper will present the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of literature textbooks for younger school age. It has the purpose to answer the research question: What question types (convergent or divergent, i.e. lower or higher-order questions) encourage literary communication with literary art texts? Given the obtained research results of the question types in methodical instruments of the analysed textbooks, the paper will determine which cognitive learning level occurs in developing literary literacy with younger school-age students.
The paper discusses the Croatian orthographic norm and its application in textbooks of the Croatian language as well as in the textbooks of other subjects. Adapted from the source document
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