We present the first known application of preoperative percutaneous management of cerebral malperfusion in a patient with acute near-total occlusion of the right common carotid artery with left ...hemiplegia complicating an acute Stanford type A aortic dissection.
Subsolid pulmonary nodules (SSNs) are frequent findings on CT scans, and their reported prevalence ranges between 9 and 20% in the literature. The management of SSNs requires specific knowledge. In ...this review, we report the standard imaging approach and the potential role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the detection of pulmonary SSNs, to help clinicians by providing evidence-based recommendations. The classification of the basic histology, nomenclature, and behaviours of the different lesions is described, with the typical imaging patterns and main recommendations for their management when detected on CT imaging. A comprehensive review of the literature has been performed to determine the potential role of
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F-fluorodeoxyglucose (
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F-FDG) PET/CT in the evaluation of SSNs. Finally, we describe the synergy of CT and
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F-FDG PET in the evaluation and management of SSNs. We hypothesise that in cases of
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F-FDG-positive findings, it would be worth considering pre-emptive local treatment with ablation, radiotherapy, or surgical resection. New prospective studies with greater homogeneity of data acquisition, including imaging time points, would be beneficial when reappraising the role of
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F-FDG PET/CT following new technical developments.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Different treatment options are now possible both for surgical candidates and for those NSCLC patients deemed not suitable ...for surgery. Despite the treatments available, only a limited number of less advanced stages are potentially curable, with many patients suffering local recurrence or distant metastases. FDG-PET/CT is commonly used in many centers for post-treatment evaluation, follow-up, or surveillance; Nonetheless, there is no clear consensus regarding the indications in these cases. Based upon the results of a literature review and local expertise from a large lung cancer unit, we built clinical evidence-based recommendations for the use of FDG-PET/CT in response assessment. We found that in general this is not recommended earlier than 3 months from treatment; however, as described in detail the correct timing will also depend upon the type of treatment used. We also present a structured approach to assessing treatment changes when reporting FDG-PET/CT, using visual or quantitative approaches.
Recent work has shown that attentional deficits following stroke can be modulated by motivational stimulation, particularly anticipated monetary reward. Here we examined the effects of anticipated ...reward on the pathological attentional blink (AB), an index of temporal selective attention, which is prolonged in patients with right hemisphere damage and a history of left neglect. We specifically compared the effects of reward versus feedback-without-reward on the AB in 17 patients. We found that the patients all manifested impaired performance compared to healthy controls and that reward modulated the pathological blink in the patient group, but only in the second experimental session. When the performance of patients whose neglect had recovered was compared with that of patients who had ongoing or persistent neglect, reward appeared to only influence the AB in the former. These results have implications for our understanding of motivation-attention interactions following right hemisphere stroke, and how they may impact upon recovery from spatial neglect.
•Anticipated reward can modulate the pathological attentional blink in right hemisphere stroke.•Reward's effects are greater than those of performance feedback alone.•Reward response appears to be related to neglect recovery.
Animal experimentation has been integral to drug discovery and development and safety assessment for many years, since it provides insights into the mechanisms of drug efficacy and toxicity (e.g. ...pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics). However, due to species differences in physiology, metabolism and sensitivity to drugs, the animal models can often fail to replicate the effects of drugs and chemicals in human patients, workers and consumers. Researchers across the globe are increasingly applying the Three Rs principles by employing innovative methods in research and testing. The Three Rs concept focuses on: the replacement of animal models (e.g. with in vitro and in silico models or human studies), on the reduction of the number of animals required to achieve research objectives, and on the refinement of existing experimental practices (e.g. eliminating distress and enhancing animal wellbeing). For the last two years, Oncoseek Bio-Acasta Health, a 3-D cell culture-based cutting-edge translational biotechnology company, has organised an annual International Conference on 3Rs Research and Progress. This series of global conferences aims to bring together researchers with diverse expertise and interests, and provides a platform where they can share and discuss their research to promote practices according to the Three Rs principles. In November 2022, the 3rd international conference, Advances in Animal Models and Cutting-Edge Research in Alternatives, took place at the GITAM University in Vishakhapatnam (AP, India) in a hybrid format (i.e. online and in-person). These conference proceedings provide details of the presentations, which were categorised under five different topic sessions. It also describes a special interactive session on in silico strategies for preclinical research in oncology, which was held at the end of the first day.
In this paper, a four-port DC-DC converter(FPC) is proposed for electric vehicle application integrated with renewable sources and energy storage system. The four port of the converter is two input, ...one bidirectional port, and one output. The charging, discharging states and the disturbance at the input side are controlled. The detailed analysis and simulation of the four-port DC-DC converter are presented in this paper. The proposed converter is the non-isolated type converter hence compact size is achieved.
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