The aim of this study was to evaluate the human exposure of individuals from Pirassununga, Brazil, to dietary aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and M1 (AFM1) by determination of serum AFB1-lysine and urinary ...aflatoxin biomarkers (AFM1 and AFB1-N7-guanine). The participants were recruited among employees from a Campus of the University of São Paulo, which provided food samples from their homes, as well as serum and urine samples four times every three months, from June 2011 until March 2012. The probable daily intake (PDI) of aflatoxin was estimated by using the results from analysis of food products collected by the time of samples collection, and data from a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Analyses of AFB1 and AFM1 in food samples were conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Biomarkers in serum and urine were determined by tandem mass spectrometry. AFB1 and AFM1 were detected in 38 samples of cereals (28%, N=136) and 31 milk products (36%, N=86), respectively. AFB1-lysine and AFB1-N7-guanine and were not detected in serum or urine samples, respectively. However, AFM1 was found in 74 urine samples (65%), at mean levels in the 4 sampling times ranging from 0.37±0.23 to 1.70±2.88pg/mg creatinine. The mean PDI varied among different sampling times, ranging from 0.09±0.09 to 1.35±5.98ng/kg body weight/day. A modest though significant correlation (r=0.45; p=0.03; N=23) was found for the first time in Brazil between the AFM1 concentration in urine and the PDI for total aflatoxins (AFB1+AFM1) in sampling 1 (June 2011). Urinary AFM1 was confirmed as very sensitive for monitoring the human exposure to dietary aflatoxin. Further studies using serum and urinary biomarkers are needed to estimate the aflatoxin exposure of populations in higher risk areas in Brazil.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509816608Este trabalho foi realizado com intuito de avaliar a resistência mecânica das árvores à quebra e sua relação com as características dendrométricas, a densidade ...básica e a flexão estática da madeira (Módulo de elasticidade -MOE, Módulo de ruptura - MOR e Trabalho absorvido), com a finalidade de selecionar clones mais tolerantes à ação dos ventos. A resistência mecânica das árvores à quebra foi determinada a partir da simulação do efeito do vento sobre as mesmas, obtendo-se a força necessária para quebra das árvores. Foram avaliados dez clones do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis com 30 e 35 meses de idade, nos plantios florestais em baixadas. A força média para quebrar as árvores foi de 79,00 kgf, na altura média de 2,99 m. A densidade média foi de 0,40 g/cm³. O MOE, MOR e Trabalho Absorvido nos ensaios de flexão estática foram iguais a 60965 kgf/cm², 544 kgf/cm² e 10 J, respectivamente. O clone CNB017 apresentou os melhores resultados nos teste de resistência das árvores à quebra e nos parâmetros físicos e mecânicos avaliados, sendo o mais indicado para as áreas mais susceptíveis à ação dos ventos.
Resumo: O presente artigo discute a concepção de casamento em uma galeria direcionada a homossexuais, bissexuais, travestis e mulheres transexuais e seus companheiros em um presídio masculino. ...Casamento é um dos termos êmicos chave para a análise dos campos aqui compreendidos como políticos, tanto identitários como de conjugalidade. Utilizou-se a Teoria Fundamentada como dimensão metodológica, de modo a possibilitar compreensões situadas acerca das formas estratégicas de agenciamento no território carcerário engendrado por pessoas em detenção. Foram realizadas oito entrevistas de caráter narrativo com pessoas da galeria. Os resultados apontam que os processos políticos se associam às experiências de violência, afeto e resistência, configurando um espaço de negociação cujos sentidos se tensionam cotidianamente.
Within emerging fields of research focusing on neuro‐urbanism, neuro‐geographies, and biosociality, which experiment with using emerging mobile biosensor methods, few if any have used them to ...research socio‐spatial life in communities that suffer high levels of violence and other socio‐spatial injustices. Extending non‐representational accounts of the body, emotions, and affect, this paper discusses an experimental geography–neuroscience collaboration, working in a favela of Rio de Janeiro to explore the embodied urban emotions and affects of violently bordered urban communities. Emphasising non‐representational, corporeal spatial practices in a study of women living in Brazil's favelas, we use electrodermal activity biosensors to propose a novel methodological and analytical approach that focuses on forms of affective debilitation and resilience. Theoretically, we draw on biopolitical theory and border theory to propose a method that avoids oppositions between biopolitical and necropolitical accounts of borders. The aim of the research, conducted in June 2016, is to understand levels of affective debilitation or resilience among women living in the Maré Complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. Using a wearable biosensor, we took measures of electrodermal activity of eight women as they undertook one of their routine, everyday journeys within the favela. We also conducted an hour‐long qualitative interview with each participant. We find that for all our participants, navigating the favela's violent border spaces subjects their bodies to very high levels of affective and cognitive demand. While some women responded to this with stress reactions that created acute levels of affective debilitation, others responded very strongly, showing exceptionally high levels of affective resilience. Our research highlights the affective labour required of women to co‐construct urban borders, and emphasizes their agency and forms of everyday resistance in shaping the favela's affective atmospheres. Combined biosensing (electrodermal activity/galvanic skin response) data and interview data reveal that women living in the favela experience high levels of stress and fear. For one resident this results in affective debilitation (a wounding of the capacity to affect and to be affected). However, other women showed exceptionally high levels of affective resilience and resistance. The research points to the important role of women in co‐constructing the embodied borders of the favela.
Short
Combined biosensing (electrodermal activity/galvanic skin response) data and interview data reveals that women living in a violently bordered favela in Rio de Janeiro experience high levels of stress and fear. For one resident this results in affective debilitation (a wounding of the capacity to affect and to be affected). However, other women showed exceptionally high levels of affective resilience and resistance. The research points to the important role of women in co‐constructing the embodied borders of the favela.
Objetivo: levantar os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais evidentes e suas respectivas intervenções de acordo com Nursing Diagnostic Terminology (NANDA) e Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). ...Métodos: trata-se de um estudo exploratório o qual teve seu desenho metodológico baseado na vivência dos autores no ambulatório de curativo de um Hospital Estadual especializado em hematologia, como parte do programa de residência em enfermagem. Resultados: foram determinados oito DE, sendo dois de risco e seis reais, os quais foram descritos conforme a Taxonomia I da NANDA. Buscou-se também, após a determinação desses diagnósticos, propor intervenções de enfermagem baseadas na Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). Conclusão: os achados revelaram que conhecer os diagnósticos de enfermagem dos indivíduos portadores de úlcera de perna secundária a anemia falciforme é de extrema importância para que os enfermeiros possam planejar individualmente o cuidado prestado a esta clientela. Descritores: Doença da hemoglobina SC; Diagnóstico de Enfermagem; Cuidados de Enfermagem
O objetivo principal do treinamento resistido com pesos é promover a quebra da homeostase do organismo. Desde que dentro dos limites fisiológicos, o organismo gera o fenômeno da supercompensação, ...alcançando um novo nível de aptidão física. Diversas técnicas são usadas para alcançar o condicionamento físico, e a oclusão vascular (kaatsu training) surge como uma opção permeada por benefícios para sedentários e portadores de patologias, mas ainda com poucas evidências para a população treinada. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar a magnitude de dano muscular no exercício resistido com e sem oclusão vascular em indivíduos treinados. Participaram 7 homens saudáveis e treinados. Foi utilizada a rosca bíceps no banco scotch, com 5 séries de repetições máximas com cargas de 40% de 1RM com a oclusão e 80% sem a oclusão. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue antes, imediatamente após, 24h e 48h após o exercício, com mensuração da CK, TGO e TGP. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na CK em nenhum dos momentos analisados, em ambas as técnicas. Com a TGO foram encontradas diferenças significaticas em ambas, imediatamente após, sem alterações nos demais momentos. A TGP teve o mesmo comportamento apenas no exercício sem oclusão. O nível de adaptação, o volume e o tipo de exercícios pode ser um fator de interferência quanto a comparação dos resultados. Conclui-se que em indivíduos treinados, exercícios de baixa itensidade com a oclusão vascular e de alta intensidade sem essa técica, causam magitude de dano muscular semelhante quando mensurado por meio de marcadores plasmáticos. Palavras-chave: Força. Músculo Esquelético. Musculação. Condicionamento Físico. Saúde. Comparison of plasma markers of muscle damage after the exercise of strength with and without vascular occlusion in physically active and healthy men The main goal of resistance training is to promote the breakdown of the body's homeostasis. Since within the physiological limits, the organism generates the phenomenon of supercompensation, reaching a new level of physical fitness. Several techniques are used to achieve physical conditioning, and vascular occlusion (kaatsu training) emerges as an option permeated by benefits for sedentary and pathological patients, but still with little evidence for the trained population. The objective of this study was to compare the magnitude of muscle damage in resistance exercise with and without vascular occlusion in trained individuals. 7 healthy and trained men participated. The biceps curl in the scotch bench was used, with 5 sets of maximal repetitions with loads of 40% of 1RM with occlusion and 80% without occlusion. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 24h and 48h after exercise, with measurement of CK, TGO and TGP. No statistically significant differences were found in CK in any of the analyzed moments, in both techniques. With the TGO, significant differences were found in both, immediately after, without changes in the other moments. TGP had the same behavior only in the non-occlusion exercise. The level of adaptation, the volume and the type of exercises can be an interference factor when comparing the results. It is concluded that in trained individuals, low intensity exercises with vascular occlusion and high intensity without this technique cause a similar magnitude of muscle damage when measured by plasmatic markers. Key words: Strength. Skeletal Muscle. Bodybuilding. Fitness. Health.
This article offers a creative disjunctive feminist analysis of affective rhythms within a complexly bordered complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. It explores the gendered atmospheric constitution ...of authority in the favela’s violent border spaces, arguing that authority is partly embodied through a channelling of attention. Attention is conceptualised as involving not just conscious intentions, perceptions and emotions, but also non-conscious rhythms of autonomous affective self-regulation. The article is structured through a tripartite disjunctive form that expresses the bordering of city, body and experience. Drawing on qualitative interview data, quantitative electrodermal activity physiological data and creative writing, the article dwells with the materiality of words and the forms of affects to express material and physiological aspects of emotion and affect in journeys around the internal border-spaces of the city. Adapting the modernist tradition of ‘stream of consciousness’ writing, we style a ‘stream of attention’ form of writing that expresses multiple modes of embodied, conscious and preconscious attention.
We report the case of a 10-year-old boy that presented with a palpable, painless, frontal lesion. Laboratory assessments were unremarkable and the patient was asymptomatic. Initial investigation, ...with a skull radiograph and unenhanced CT scan, showed a lytic midline frontal lesion involving the inner and outer tables of the skull and a large subgaleal hypodense component. MRI further depicted communication with the epidural space and contact with the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). Subsequent evaluation by Doppler ultrasound and MR angiography excluded a sinus pericranii and showed normal patency of the SSS. Surgical biopsy revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation; PCR was positive for Mycobacterium sp. One year after surgical resection and antitubercular therapy, there are no signs of recurrence. Primary calvarial involvement by tuberculosis is rare, even in developing countries. Familiarity with the expected clinical and imaging features is required to avoid diagnostic delay.
O presente trabalho discute as representações do tombamento dos Asilos Colônias no estado de São Paulo, enquanto patrimônios difíceis, uma vez que esses espaços foram cenário do isolamento ...compulsório de hansenianos que teve início na primeira metade do século XX e se estendeu até meados dos anos 1980. Nesse sentido, a patrimonialização envolve um contexto de reparação pelo trauma sofrido por aqueles que sofreram o isolamento como profilaxia, fazendo com que o tombamento seja entendido como parte do reconhecimento do Estado como responsável por ter promovido tal política na saúde. Além disso, a patrimonialização de espaços marcados por experiências de sofrimento atendem uma demanda social e auxiliam na promoção de um debate com diferentes grupos para a desconstrução do estigma da hanseníase e quais os sentidos do isolamento compulsório, uma vez que não foi capaz de erradicar a doença no país.
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prevalence of painful neuropathy is around 7%-10% in the entire population, also, it may have different histories and require integrated care. Challenges for ...patient care are concerning, most of them have not achieved satisfactory results with drugs for pain management, which are often disabling, in addition to associated comorbidities such as sleep disorders and mood swings. Most of the drugs currently being used for neuropathic pain (NP) have several adverse effects, which hinders adherence to treatment and makes it impossible to reach the doses that would be indicated for proper management. Given this scenario, studies are being done aiming at the endocannabinoid system present in the human body with the ability to modulate pain, sleep, and mood disorders, among other benefits. Drugs such as phytocannabinoids, mainly the molecules cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC), have been studied with significant potential for the treatment of painful neuropathy. This review aimed to describe the probable mechanisms of action of cannabinoids in NP and the results obtained so far with the use of these molecules. CONTENTS: This study is a narrative review of the literature. Data were analyzed using the databases National Library of Medicine (NCBI), Academic Google, Medline and scientific database configurations by LILACS and Web of Science in a temporal search between 2004 and 2022. A total of 45 articles were counted. CONCLUSION: THC modulates opioid effects in neuropathic pain. This is associated with a pharmacokinetic effect and has also been demonstrated by brain imaging. This significant performance can be associated with specific target sites and primary actors regarding Δ-9-THC and its binding to receptors associated with analgesia. Also, further studies with this component or associated with small cannabinoid variations are necessary to certify its role in neuropathic pain.
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