Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the microbiome may have significant impact on the development of lung cancer by its effects on inflammation, dysbiosis or genome damage. The aim of this study ...was to compare the sputum microbiome of lung cancer (LC) patients with the chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the study, the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 66 men with untreated LC were compared with 62 control subjects with respect to CA and MN frequency and centromere fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis. Results showed a significant increase in CA (4.11 ± 2.48% versus 2.08 ± 1.18%) and MN (1.53 ± 0.67% versus 0.87 ± 0.49%) frequencies, respectively, in LC patients as compared to control subjects. The higher frequency of centromeric positive MN of LC patients was mainly due to aneuploidy. A significant increase in Streptococcus, Bacillus, Gemella and Haemophilus in LC patients was detected, in comparison to the control subjects while 18 bacterial genera were significantly reduced, which indicates a decrease in the beta diversity in the microbiome of LC patients. Although, the CA frequency in LC patients is significantly associated with an increased presence of the genera Bacteroides, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Porphyromonas, Mycoplasma and Fusobacterium in their sputum, and a decrease for the genus Granulicatella after application of false discovery rate correction, significance was not any more present. The decrease of MN frequency of LC patients is significantly associated with an increase in Megasphaera genera and Selenomonas bovis. In conclusion, a significant difference in beta diversity of microbiome between LC and control subjects and association between the sputum microbiome composition and genome damage of LC patients was detected, thus supporting previous studies suggesting an etiological connection between the airway microbiome and LC.
Here we report a pilot-sized study to compare the taxonomic composition of sputum microbiome in 17 newly-diagnosed lung cancer (LC) patients and 17 controls. Another object was to compare the ...representation of individual bacterial genera and species in sputum with the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the blood lymphocytes of LC patients and in controls. Both groups were male; average age 56.1 ± 11.5 in patients and 55.7 ± 4.1 in controls. Differences in the species composition of bacterial communities in LC patients and controls were significant (pseudo-F = 1.94; p = 0.005). Increased prevalence in LC patients was detected for the genera Haemophilus and Bergeyella; whereas a decrease was observed for the genera Atopobium, Stomatobaculum, Treponema and Porphyromonas. Donors with high frequencies of chromosomal aberrations had a significant reduction in the microbiome of representatives of the genus Atopobium in the microbiome and a simultaneous increase in representatives of the species Alloprevotella compared to donors with a low level of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes. Thus, a comparison of the bacterial composition in the sputum of donors with cytogenetic damages in theirs lymphocytes, warrants further investigations on the potential role of microorganisms in the process of mutagenesis in somatic cells of the host body.
Recent studies have shown that the bacterial microbiome of the respiratory tract influences the development of lung cancer. Changes in the composition of the microbiome are observed in patients with ...chronic inflammatory processes. Such microbiome changes may include the occurrence of bacteria that cause oxidative stress and that are capable of causing genome damage in the cells of the host organism directly and indirectly. To date, the composition of the respiratory microbiome in patients with various histological variants of lung cancer has not been studied. In the present study, we determined the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 52 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, 52 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 52 healthy control donors, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the V3-V4 region of the bacterial gene encoding 16S rRNA. The sputum microbiomes of patients with different histological types of lung cancer and controls did not show significant differences in terms of the species richness index (Shannon); however, the patients differed from the controls in terms of evenness index (Pielou). The structures of bacterial communities (beta diversity) in the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups were also similar; however, when analyzed according to the matrix constructed by the Bray-Curtis method, there were differences between patients with squamous cell carcinoma and healthy subjects, but not between those with adenocarcinoma and controls. Using the LEFse method it was possible to identify an increase in the content of Bacillota (Streptococcus and Bacillus) and Actinomycetota (Rothia) in the sputum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma when compared with samples from patients with adenocarcinoma. There were no differences in the content of bacteria between the samples of patients with adenocarcinoma and the control ones. The content of representatives of the genera Streptococcus, Bacillus, Peptostreptococcus (phylum Bacillota), Prevotella, Macellibacteroides (phylum Bacteroidota), Rothia (phylum Actinomycetota) and Actinobacillus (phylum Pseudomonadota) was increased in the microbiome of sputum samples from patients with squamous cell carcinoma, compared with the control. Thus, the sputum bacterial microbiome of patients with different histological types of non-small-cell lung cancer has significant differences. Further research should be devoted to the search for microbiome biomarkers of lung cancer at the level of bacterial species using whole-genome sequencing.
A series of new (1
S
)-(+)-camphor-10-sulfonamides containing various substituents at the nitrogen atom were synthesized, and their antiviral properties against Ebola virus were evaluated using a ...vesicular stomatitis virus-based pseudovirus system. The reduction of the carbonyl group at the C(2) atom leads to a significant improvement in the antiviral efficacy, whereas the transformation into oxime results in the almost complete disappearance of antiviral activity. According to the evaluation of antiviral activity against natural Ebola virus, the lead compounds exhibit moderate inhibitory activity. Interactions of the lead compounds with the binding site of Ebola virus glycoprotein were studied by molecular modeling. A comparative analysis of the changes due to possible interactions of the synthesized ligands and known inhibitors with Ebola virus surface glycoprotein was carried out.
Abstract
The methods of impact on productive oil-saturated formations are intended to increase well productivity and increase oil recovery. In order to complete oil recovery from the formation, a ...coordinated application of methods of increasing oil recovery and intensification of production is required. Method of impact on formation is selected taking into account features of geological structure, filtration - capacities properties, composition of formation rocks and fluids that saturate them. This article considers various promising methods of increasing oil recovery and intensification used at the fields of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area of the Tyumen region.
Chronic dust bronchitis (CDB) is one of the most common occupational diseases among employees of coal-cycle enterprises. Until recently, the lungs were considered to be sterile, but, in recent years, ...studies have shown that this is not the case. However, the contribution of microbiota and individual bacterial taxa to the etiology and pathogenesis of many respiratory-tract diseases remains unclear. The aim of the study to determine the taxonomic composition of the bacterial microbiota of the upper respiratory tract of patients with CDB. Sputum samples were obtained from patients with CDB (
n
= 22, men) and healthy auditorial donors (
n
= 22, men). Sequencing of variable regions V3–V4 of the 16S pRNA gene was used to study the complete taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome. The study revealed a significant decrease in the α diversity of bacterial microbiota in the sputum of patients with CDB compared to the Shannon index control (H = 9.795;
p
= 0.0017). The PERMANOVA test using a matrix of differences constructed by the Bray–Curtis method showed a significant difference in β diversity between the compared samples (pseudo-F = 2.11;
p
= 0.002). In the sputum microbiome of patients with CDB, compared with the control, an increase in the relative abundance of bacteria of the genus
Streptococcus
was found (29.97 ± 14.21 vs. 18.78 ± 11.56;
p
= 0.006). The taxonomic profile of the respiratory microbiome in the study group of patients with CDB differs from that of healthy people. An increase in the relative abundance of bacteria of the genus
Streptococcus
in the sputum microbiome of patients with CDB suggests a general dysbiotic process with the accentuation of one dominant genus of microorganisms in this pulmonary pathology.
The bacterial microflora that inhabits our body makes up the most complex microbial community called microbiota. The microbiota, which is evolutionarily fixed in the human body, has a significant ...effect on the maintenance of human health and functions. The study of the genotoxic potential of microflora, closely related to bacterial oncogenesis, remains incomplete. When the imbalance of healthy microflora is violated under the influence of various factors, including mutagens and environmental carcinogens, the composition of the microbiota is transformed into an aggressive form. It has been suggested that such changes lead to functional metabolism shifts in bacterial communities, which leads to a progression of malignant growth in these parts of the host organism. Bacteria are able to influence pathogenic processes occurring during the course of the disease, producing effectors of DNA damage in the cells of the host organism or modifying the body’s ability to metabolize mutagens and carcinogens. We present in this work evidence and hypotheses about the ability of pathogenic and commensal bacteria with genotoxic potential to lead to the development of oncological diseases. This paper examines individual organs (intestines, stomach, respiratory tract, gallbladder and mammary gland), whose carcinogenesis is influenced by bacteria that can damage the DNA of the host cells.
We provide updated estimates of the change of ocean heat content and the thermosteric component of sea level change of the 0–700 and 0–2000 m layers of the World Ocean for 1955–2010. Our estimates ...are based on historical data not previously available, additional modern data, and bathythermograph data corrected for instrumental biases. We have also used Argo data corrected by the Argo DAC if available and used uncorrected Argo data if no corrections were available at the time we downloaded the Argo data. The heat content of the World Ocean for the 0–2000 m layer increased by 24.0 ± 1.9 × 1022 J (±2S.E.) corresponding to a rate of 0.39 W m−2 (per unit area of the World Ocean) and a volume mean warming of 0.09°C. This warming corresponds to a rate of 0.27 W m−2 per unit area of earth's surface. The heat content of the World Ocean for the 0–700 m layer increased by 16.7 ± 1.6 × 1022 J corresponding to a rate of 0.27 W m−2(per unit area of the World Ocean) and a volume mean warming of 0.18°C. The World Ocean accounts for approximately 93% of the warming of the earth system that has occurred since 1955. The 700–2000 m ocean layer accounted for approximately one‐third of the warming of the 0–2000 m layer of the World Ocean. The thermosteric component of sea level trend was 0.54 ± .05 mm yr−1 for the 0–2000 m layer and 0.41 ± .04 mm yr−1 for the 0–700 m layer of the World Ocean for 1955–2010.
Key Points
A strong positive linear trend in exists in world ocean heat contentsince 1955
One third of the observed warming occurs in the 700‐2000 m layer of the ocean
The warming can only be explained by the increase in atmospheric GHGs
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP) is an occupationally induced progressive fibrotic lung disease. This irreversible but preventable disease currently affects millions across the world, mainly in ...countries with developed coal mining industries. Here, we report a pilot study that explores the sputum microbiome as a potential non-invasive bacterial biomarker of CWP status. Sputum samples were collected from 35 former and active coal miners diagnosed with CWP and 35 healthy controls. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was used to study the taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome. There was no difference in alpha diversity between CWP and controls. The structure of bacterial communities in sputum samples (β diversity) differed significantly between cases and controls (pseudo-F = 3.61; p = 0.004). A significant increase in the abundance of Streptococcus (25.12 ± 11.37 vs. 16.85 ± 11.35%; p = 0.0003) was detected in samples from CWP subjects as compared to controls. The increased representation of Streptococcus in sputum from CWP patients was associated only with the presence of occupational pulmonary fibrosis, but did not depend on age, and did not differ between former and current miners. The study shows, for the first time, that the sputum microbiota of CWP subjects differs from that of controls. The results of our present exploratory study warrant further investigations on a larger cohort.
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