In optical communications, four-dimensional (4D) modulation formats encode information onto the quadrature components of two arbitrary orthogonal states of polarisation of the optical field. Many ...analytical models available in the optical communication literature allow, within a first-order perturbation framework, the computation of the average power of the nonlinear interference (NLI) accumulated in coherent fibre-optic transmission systems. However, all such models only operate under the assumption of transmitted polarisation-multiplexed two-dimensional (PM-2D) modulation formats, which only represent a limited subset of the possible dual-polarisation 4D (DP-4D) formats. Namely, only those where data transmitted on each polarisation channel are mutually independent and identically distributed. This paper presents a step-by-step mathematical derivation of the extension of existing NLI models to the class of arbitrary DP-4D modulation formats. In particular, the methodology adopted follows the one of the popular enhanced Gaussian noise model, albeit dropping most assumptions on the geometry and statistic of the transmitted 4D modulation format. The resulting expressions show that, whilst in the PM-2D case the NLI power depends only on different statistical high-order moments of each polarisation component, for a general DP-4D constellation, several other cross-polarisation correlations also need to be taken into account.
A normalized batch gradient descent optimizer is proposed to improve the first-order regular perturbation coefficients of the Manakov equation, often referred to as kernels. The optimization is based ...on the linear parameterization offered by the first-order regular perturbation and targets enhanced low-complexity models for the fiber channel. We demonstrate that the optimized model outperforms the analytical counterpart where the kernels are numerically evaluated via their integral form. The enhanced model provides the same accuracy with a reduced number of kernels while operating over an extended power range covering both the nonlinear and highly nonlinear regimes. A 6 - 7 dB gain, depending on the metric used, is obtained with respect to the conventional first-order regular perturbation.
It is known that fiber nonlinearities induce crosstalk in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system, which limits the capacity of such systems as the transmitted signal power is increased. A ...network user in a WDM system is an entity that operates around a given optical wavelength. Traditionally, the channel capacity of a WDM system has been analyzed under different assumptions for the transmitted signals of the other users, while treating the interference arising from these users as noise. In this paper, we instead take a multi-user information theoretic view and treat the optical WDM system impaired by cross-phase modulation and dispersion as an interference channel. We characterize an outer bound on the capacity region of simultaneously achievable rate pairs, assuming a simplified <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">K</tex-math></inline-formula>-user perturbative channel model using genie-aided techniques. Furthermore, an achievable rate region is obtained by time-sharing between certain single-user strategies. It is shown that such time-sharing can achieve better rate tuples compared to treating nonlinear interference as noise. The achievable rates using the latter strategy are known to exhibit a maximum for an optimum launch power, beyond which a further increase of power leads to a reduction in achievable rates. For the single-polarization single-span system under consideration and a power 3.5 dB above the optimum launch power, treating nonlinear interference as noise results in a rate of 4.25 bit/sym, while time-sharing gives a rate of 7.99 bit/sym.
Quantum Locality in Game Strategy Melo-Luna, Carlos A; Susa, Cristian E; Ducuara, Andrés F ...
Scientific reports,
03/2017, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Game theory is a well established branch of mathematics whose formalism has a vast range of applications from the social sciences, biology, to economics. Motivated by quantum information science, ...there has been a leap in the formulation of novel game strategies that lead to new (quantum Nash) equilibrium points whereby players in some classical games are always outperformed if sharing and processing joint information ruled by the laws of quantum physics is allowed. We show that, for a bipartite non zero-sum game, input local quantum correlations, and separable states in particular, suffice to achieve an advantage over any strategy that uses classical resources, thus dispensing with quantum nonlocality, entanglement, or even discord between the players' input states. This highlights the remarkable key role played by pure quantum coherence at powering some protocols. Finally, we propose an experiment that uses separable states and basic photon interferometry to demonstrate the locally-correlated quantum advantage.
The performance of the normalized batch gradient descent (NBGD) algorithm to model nonlinear interference in the presence of phase recovery is analyzed. A modification of the underlying model's ...parameterisation is proposed, which reduces NBGD's penalties.
We study the performance of gradient-descent optimization to estimate the coefficients of the discrete-time first-order regular perturbation (FRP). With respect to numerically computed coefficients, ...the optimized coefficients yield a model that (i) extends the FRP range of validity, and (ii) reduces the model's complexity.
A normalized batch gradient descent optimizer is proposed to improve the first-order regular perturbation coefficients of the Manakov equation, often referred to as kernels. The optimization is based ...on the linear parameterization offered by the first-order regular perturbation and targets enhanced low-complexity models for the fiber channel. We demonstrate that the optimized model outperforms the analytical counterpart where the kernels are numerically evaluated via their integral form. The enhanced model provides the same accuracy with a reduced number of kernels while operating over an extended power range covering both the nonlinear and highly nonlinear regimes. A \(6-7\)~dB gain, depending on the metric used, is obtained with respect to the conventional first-order regular perturbation.
We study the performance of gradient-descent optimization to estimate the coefficients of the discrete-time first-order regular perturbation (FRP). With respect to numerically computed coefficients, ...the optimized coefficients yield a model that (i) extends the FRP range of validity, and (ii) reduces the model's complexity.
It is known that fiber nonlinearities induce crosstalk in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system, which limits the capacity of such systems as the transmitted signal power is increased. A ...network user in a WDM system is an entity that operates around a given optical wavelength. Traditionally, the channel capacity of a WDM system has been analyzed under different assumptions for the transmitted signals of the other users, while treating the interference arising from these users as noise. In this paper, we instead take a multiuser information theoretic view and treat the optical WDM system impaired by cross-phase modulation and dispersion as an interference channel. We characterize an outer bound on the capacity region of simultaneously achievable rate pairs, assuming a simplified K-user perturbative channel model using genie-aided techniques. Furthermore, an achievable rate region is obtained by time-sharing between certain single-user strategies. It is shown that such time-sharing can achieve better rate tuples compared to treating nonlinear interference as noise. For the single-polarization single-span system under consideration and a power 4.4 dB above the optimum launch power, treating nonlinear interference as noise results in a rate of 1.67 bit/sym, while time-sharing gives a rate of 6.33 bit/sym.
We investigate optical WDM transmission from the standpoint of an information-theoretic interference channel. Achievable rates that outperform treating interference as noise are presented and ...validated using split-step Fourier method simulations.
PDF
