Leishmaniasis has an important impact on global public health, and the common form of the disease is cutaneous form as well in Iran. Different species of
Leishmania
parasite make variable clinical ...manifestations, so prompt diagnosis and recognition at the species level are important due to their impact on the treatment and outcome of the disease. We aimed to examine the potential existence of the
Leishmania
parasite genome in the exudate materials derived from lesions of the cutaneous leishmaniasis suspected patients referred to Varamin Health Center Laboratory, that were reported negative microscopically. Regarding the object of the study, kDNA-Nested-PCR was used. A 570 bp band equal to what expected for
Leishmania major
was amplified in 18 out of 29 tested samples (62%). Findings indicate the effectivness of kDNA as a high copy number gene to avoid false-negative results.
The aims of the current study were to determined present status of CL in Shiraz City, identify the causative species of
and conduct phylogenetic evaluations in detected parasites.
This study was ...conducted on 70 individuals with suspected CL that referred to the major health centers of Shiraz (Valfajr), Fars province, Iran, from Sep 2016 to Jul 2017. DNA was extracted from cultured
promastigotes and PCR-RFLP were performed using ITS1-rDNA gene.
Overall, 39 male (55.70%) and 31 (44.30%) female were found to be positive microscopically. All of direct examined positive samples were confirmed to be positive for
spp. DNA. Based upon the PCRRFLP patterns and phylogenetic analysis, 46 (65.72%), 17 (24.28%) and 7 (10%) isolates were clearly identified as
,
and
, respectively.
The dominat detected species in Shiraz City was
and
, respectively. CL has high prevalence in Shiraz City; therefore, more studies on leishmaniasis in the natural vectors and also reservoirs infection in this region is exceedingly recommended. Skin leisons due to
, was described for the first time in Iran (Shiraz City).
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI), leads to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and chronic pelvic pain in women as well as an increased ...risk of vertical transmission, conjunctivitis and pneumonitis in infants. It may also be a co-factor along with human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer progression. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CT genotypes in genital specimens of women from South Khorasan, Iran and to test the association between CT and cytology statistics.
This was a cross-sectional study on 248 Pap smear samples from women who visited a gynecologist for routine Pap smear testing in South Khorasan province. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to test the residual fluids of Pap smears for CT-DNA after cytological examination. Direct sequencing, alignment and phylogenic analyses were performed on eight samples to identify their genotypes.
The mean age of patients was 37.54 ± 5.21 years. Most samples had a normal cytology (214 cases, 86.29%). Overall, 31 samples were positive for CT infection (12.5%) of which 20 (9.34%) were normal and 11 (32.35%) were abnormal, with the frequency difference being significant (P=0.022). The co-infection of CT/HPV in total was identified in 14 cases (5.6%). The results of sequencing eight samples out of the 31 CT positive samples revealed the detection of genotypes D and E, each with four cases.
We show that a high prevalence of genital CT infection is present in women with both normal and abnormal cytology; however, the higher prevalence among women in the abnormal group may indicate its involvement in cervical neoplasia.
Most recently, silver nanoparticles due to antibacterial properties have been considered in medical science. So the aim of the study was green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Berberis ...vulgaris leaf and root aqueous extract and its antibacterial activity. After collection, identification and extraction of Berberis vulgaris was performed production of silver nanoparticles. In the study effect of parameters such as AgNO3 concentration (0.5, 1, 3, 10 mM), aqueous extract (3, 5, 10, 15, 30 mL) and contact time (1, 2, 6, 12, 24 h) were investigated in the synthesis of nanoparticles and also the antibacterial effect of these nanoparticles was studied on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by Disk diffusion test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC). According to XRD results and analysis of TEM, nanoparticles have spherical shapes and size of 30 to 70 nm. On the other hand antibacterial tests showed these nanoparticles have more antibacterial activity more than other extracts. Result showed the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Berberis vulgaris is a clean, inexpensive and safe method that has not been used any toxic substance and consequently does not side effects and this nanoparticles has a high antibacterial activity.
•Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Berberis Vulgaris Leaf and Root Aqueous Extract•Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties using Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles•Doing Disc Diffusion Test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Test•Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopyto identify nanoparticles synthesized•X-ray diffraction spectroscopyto identify nanoparticles synthesized•Dynamic Light Scattering Spectroscopy for identification nanoparticles synthesis•Transmission electron microscopy spectroscopy for identification nanoparticles synthesis
In Iran, both forms of cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been reported; so the accurate species identification of the parasite(s) and the analysis of genetic diversity are ...necessary.
The smears were collected from lesions samples of 654 patients with CL, who attended local health centers in 12 provinces of Iran during 2013-2015. The smears were checked for the presence of amastigotes by light microscopy. DNA of 648
isolates, amplified by targeting a partial sequence of ITS (18S rRNA-ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2) gene. Twenty-five of all the amplicons were sequenced and analyzed with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the
1 enzyme.
All the smears were positive microscopically. The PCR-RFLP analysis revealed that 176 (27%) CL patients were infected with
and, 478 (73%) with
. The dominant species in all over Iran is
. The sequencing results of all CL patients and RFLP analysis confirmed each other. Based on our phylogenetic tree, 25 ITS DNA sequences were grouped into two clusters representing
and
species. Phylogenetic tree derived from the ITS sequences supports a clear divergence between
from the other species.
Discrimination of Iranian Leishmania isolates using ITS gene gives us this opportunity to detect, identify, and construct the phylogenetic relationship of Iranian isolates.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases and a major public health challenge in Iran caused by
spp and transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. The number ...of CL cases has shown an increasing pattern all over the country, including the district of Varamin, southeast of Tehran, Iran. This study aimed to identify the
spp isolated from CL patients using molecular methods in Varamin during 2012-2013.
Exudate materials collected from the swollen edge of the skin lesions of 44 parasitological positive CL patients by disposable lancet. They were referred to Varamin Health Center by physician. The samples were subjected to molecular method for
species identification.
The digestion pattern of restriction enzyme revealed that 37 (84.1%) CL patients were infected with
and 7 (15.9%) were infected with
. They were mostly male than female. More than half of the patients (58%) had multiple lesions, and they were mostly observed on extremities, 34.1% on legs and 29.5% on hands. Lesions were mostly of wet ulcerative type.
Dominancy of
provides more evidence that Varamin District probably could be considered as Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) areas. More investigation on other epidemiological aspects of disease is needed.
Background
Giardia duodenalis
is a common parasitic protozoan causing gastrointestinal illness in humans worldwide. The genetic diversity of
G. duodenalis
is reflected through the identification of ...different assemblages. In this study, we aimed to determine the assemblages of
G. duodenalis
in eastern Iran using nested-PCR and high-resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR methods.
Methods
A total of 58 positive
G. duodenalis
, which were isolated from 1800 subjects, referred to medical center laboratories in South Khorasan province, eastern Iran, from April 2020 to March 2022, were included in this study. DNA was extracted and HRM real-time PCR was performed for assemblage characterization.
Results
HRM real-time PCR successfully characterized all samples. Accordingly, out of 58 positive samples, 53 (91.36%) and 5 (8.62%) were identified as assemblage A and B, respectively.
Conclusions
Our findings showed that HRM real-time PCR was able to characterize the assemblages of
G. duodenalis
. In addition, our results suggest high prevalence of assemblage A in eastern region of Iran.
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens. The parasite can infect a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts among all over the world. The current study was performed to evaluate the ...prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis by staining and molecular methods in South Khorasan province of Iran.
From December 2019 to December 2020, 720 stool samples were stained by specific Weber Modified Trichrome (Chromotrope 2R) to detect Microsporidia spores. The DNA extraction was done by Kit and To amplify the SSU rRNA gene of Microsporidia Spp, the nested PCR was used with genus specific primers. Finally data analyzing were performed by chi square (X2) test, using SPSS software.
From 720 stool samples, 25 (3.47%) samples were microscopically positive for intestinal Microsporidia infection. Out of 25 positive samples of Microsporidia in microscopic method, 22 samples were positive in PCR method. In this study, most of the molecularly approved patients were referred to the hospital (68.00%) and were in the age range of 30 to 50 years (40.80%). 92.00% of patients also had gastrointestinal symptoms and were infected in the summer (40.00%), (p < 0.05).
This study was the first evaluation of the prevalence of Microsporidia in South Khorasan province. Microsporidia infection is prevalent in the public population of eastern Iran. Statistical analysis of the results showed that factors such as education, age, gastrointestinal symptoms and season can be risk factors associated with parasitic infections.
•Prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis was evaluated in South Khorasan province of Iran.•The samples were studied by staining and nested PCR.•The prevalence of microsporidiisis was 3.4%.
Background and Objectives: Leishmaniasis as a zoonosis disease, occurs in three forms of cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral (kala-azar). The causative agent of this disease is a protozoa of the ...Leishmania genus, which is commonly transmitted by species of sand flies. Given that explanation of an effective control strategy for vector-borne diseases requires identification of the fauna of their vectors, the present study was carried out to detect the fauna of Leishmaniasis vectors in Khusf county. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sand flies were captured using sticky traps in different parts of Khusf county from May 2015 to October 2015, Then, the species of female samples were mounted and identified using valid species identification key. Results: In this study, from total 370 collected sand flies samples, 238 sand flies were related to animal areas and 132 sand flies were from human areas. Out of 115 female sand flies, Phlebotomus sergenti with frequency of 27.82% and Sergentomyia dentata with frequency of 34.78%, were reported as the dominant species in the region. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the dominant species in the region was among the vectors of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis, and considering the presence of Leishmania tropica in the region, the health system of this county must consider required care for the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis disease.
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